BRAIN & SPINAL CORD
This lobe is primarily responsible for voluntary motor control and executive decision-making.
frontal lobe
These photoreceptors are responsible for color vision and high visual acuity.
cones
These three bones amplify sound vibrations before they enter the inner ear.
the ossicles (malleus, incus, stapes)
These receptors detect dissolved chemicals in saliva.
taste buds
This lobe contains the primary motor cortex and is responsible for voluntary movement and executive decision-making.
frontal lobe
A patient cannot coordinate movements and appears unbalanced. This brain region is likely affected.
the cerebellum
The bending of light as it passes through the cornea and lens is called this.
refraction
Motion sickness occurs because of a conflict between these two sensory inputs.
What are visual input and vestibular (balance) input?
This cranial nerve is primarily responsible for smell.
the olfactory nerve (CN I)
Damage to this lobe may cause difficulty understanding spoken language.
temporal
This structure regulates breathing and heart rate and connects the brain to the spinal cord.
the medulla oblongata
This structure controls how much light enters the eye by adjusting pupil diameter.
the iris
This snail-shaped structure contains the organ of Corti.
the cochlea
Loss of smell is called this condition.
anosmia
This lobe processes visual input from the retina.
occipital
If the left hemisphere is damaged, motor deficits would most likely appear on this side of the body.
the right side
A detached layer here would cause loss of visual perception because photoreceptors are located within it.
the retina
Rotational head movements are detected by these structures.
the semicircular canals
Much of what we perceive as “taste” actually depends on this sensory system.
olfaction (smell)
A patient cannot recognize objects by touch even though sensation is intact. This lobe is likely affected.
parietal
This type of neuron carries information from sensory receptors toward the CNS.
sensory (afferent) neuron
This structure in the cow eye reflects light and improves night vision but is absent in humans.
the tapetum lucidum
Hair cells bend when this inner ear fluid moves, creating nerve impulses.
endolymph
Damage to the olfactory bulb could impair this limbic-related function.
emotional memory association with smells
A tumor affecting the inferior frontal gyrus would impair this specific function.
speech production (Broca’s area)