ABG quality control/analyzers
Which electrode is associated with pH?
Sanz electrode
pH: 7.35 CO2: 35 HCO3: 26
Normal ABG
What is an electrocardiogram?
Device used for recording electrical activity of the heart muscle
What is a normal sinus rhythm (NSR)?
P wave followed by T wave every beat
What does a PVC rhythm look like?
Wide and bizarre QRS complexes, No P waves, T wave goes in opposite direction from QRS
How should an ABG analyzer be calibrated?
By using blood-like control media
pH: 7.30 CO2: 50 HCO3: 36
Partially compensated, respiratory acidosis
Electrical impulses originating from site other than the SA node
What is sinus bradycardia?
Looks like NSR, rate is <60 bpm
What does a VFib rhythm look like?
Cardiac output is zero, erratic quivering of ventricles, chaotic pattern with no discernible wave pattern
Circulatory hypoxia is caused by?
Decreased blood flow due to inefficient pumping of the heart.
pH: 7.37 CO2: 33 HCO3: 17
Fully compensated, metabolic acidosis
What does the heart being in a Polarized state indicate?
Resting state
What is premature atrial complex (PAC)?
Flattened, notched, peaked, or biphasic P waves with narrow QRS contract early due to irritation.
What does a 2nd Degree Type 2 rhythm look like?
Series of nonconducted P waves, followed by conducted P waves
In Metabolic Alkalosis, is CO2 alkaline or acid?
Alkaline
pH: 7.54 CO2: 25 HCO3: 16
Partially compensated, respiratory alkalosis
What is the relative refractory period?
Cardiac cells cannot be stimulated even if the stimulus is strong enough
What is a premature junctional complex (PJC)?
AV node suddenly kicks in for a beat, absent or inverted P wave
What are the characteristics of a Pacer Rhythm?
Spiky P waves
What is the normal range for venous pH?
7.30-7.40
pH: 7.27 CO2: 42 HCO3: 20
Uncompensated, metabolic acidosis
What is the mechanism of "re-entry"?
Impulse returns to stimulate tissue that was previously polarized
What is a junctional escape rhythm?
All beats come from AV junction, inverted or no P waves, Narrow QRS, 40-60 bpm.
What are the characteristics of an Idioventricular Rhythm?
No P waves, QRS wide and bizarre