Hearing
Screening
Screening
Who should receive a hearing screening before starting any speech & language testing/services?
Everyone except those with hearing aids (check hearing aids) and those with cochlear implants (check with audiologist)
What is another name for the Oral Mechanism Exam?
Oral Peripheral Examination, Oral Motor Examination, Oral-Facial Exam
Who completes the written case histories?
The client or family member
Why do we use Standardized Testing?
To enhance reliability by decreasing variability in testing situation
Are males or females more at risk for Speech Sound Disorders?
Males
What decibels are the tones presented at for a child?
20dB
What would be considered "Universal Precautions" to take when performing an oral mech exam?
Treat clients as though they are infectious, wash hands thoroughly, disinfecting equipment, and wearing personal protective equipment (gloves, masks, gowns if necessary)
Why is cultural and language history important?
It gives us a better understanding of the client and how they have developed
What are the three main ways to assess intelligibility?
1) Rating scales
2) Single-word measures
3) Connected speech measures
Does having an older sibling increase or decrease a child's risk for a language impairment?
Increases risk
What Hertz are the tones presented at during a hearing screening?
Hint: There are 3
1000 Hz, 2000 Hz, 4000 Hz
Name 5 things SLPs inspect in the mouth during an oral mech exam?
Overall appearance, lips, jaws, teeth, tongue, hard palate, soft palate, and fauces
What information would be important in a pediatric case history, but not necessary in an adult case history?
Prenatal and birth history
What are the three techniques to increase caregiver responsiveness?
1) Child-oriented
2) Interaction promoting
3) Language modeling
(Tannock & Girolametto)
At how many weeks gestation would an infant be considered "preterm" that could factor into impaired language development?
37-38 weeks gestation
What is one reason to still move forward with testing even if a client fails the hearing screening?
The client can converse with the clinician without showing evidence of hearing difficulty, a parent reports that the child does not have issues hearing, age related reasons, etc.
Can you name two essential materials needed for an oral mech exam?
Tongue depressor, penlight, stopwatch, note-taking instruments
What does the case history/background information allow the clinician to identify? (Four possible answers)
1. Etiological factors
2. Family/client's perception of the problem
3. The academic, work, home, and social environment of client
4. Medical, developmental, and social information about the client
What is the purpose of the Dynamic Assessment?
It focuses on the client's learning potential and eliminates bias
Which of these three risk factors is the greatest predictor of a SLI in a child?
1) SES
2) Being a late talker
3) Family history of LI
Being a late talker (Leonard, 2014)
Does a client fail the hearing screening if they miss only one of the three trials?
Yes
During a Diadochokinetic Rate Evaluation, how many repetitions of the target syllable does the client need to produce before stopping the stopwatch?
Bonus if you can name the three syllables!
20 repetitions
Target syllables: /pʌ/, /tʌ/, and /kʌ/
Why is it important to include family preferences and parent/caregiver roles in the background information?
The client is more likely to have successful intervention when the clinician works with the client's preferences and collaborates with the parents/caregivers
What are the benefits of observation?
See how the child interacts in a social context, can obtain single-word and connected-speech sampling, and can identify communication strengths and weaknesses within a natural context
How does SES impact a child's language development?
It can reduce a child's exposure to early literacy skills (ex: both parents are working often and not in the household, no time for play time), neighborhood disadvantage might decrease social interaction, low school funding may limit access to special services