Glue ear
Another name for glue ear
What is otitis media with effusion?
The possible effect on learning in OME
What is poor education progress in OME?
An ear examination
What is otoscopy?
Examples of prelinguistic communications
What is crying
Turning to sound
Smiling?
The definition of OME
What is a non-purulent effusion within the middle ear without signs of acute inflammation?
A cause of OME
What is persistent inflammation upregulation of mucin genes in the middle ear mucosa?
What is a block in middle ear ventilation due to blockage of Eustachian tube?
Examples of possible general & behavioural problems in OME
What is/are a lack of concentration or attention
Being withdrawn
Hearing difficulties?
A screening conducted on newborns
What is a hearing test/screening (audiometry test) to find out how severe any hearing loss is and what's causing it?
Language acquisition theories
What is/are
Imitation
Cognitive theory
Native linguistic theory - language is innate
Social interaction?
An issue that can lead to delayed language development
What is mild conductive hearing loss?
Indications for surgical intervention
What is persistent bilateral glue ear documented over 3 months with hearing loss in the better ear of 25-30 dBHL?
(May be recommended at lower levels of hearing loss if the impact on child is considered significant.)
Clinical impact on speech
What is an indistinct speech or delayed language development?
A major developmental screening
What are speech & language assessments?
A result of lack of stimulation
What is the cause of slower progress in children during the period of development that could end up resulting in poor communication skills?
The hearing screening ranges
What is
Newborn hearing screening
9 months to 2.5 years of age - routine enquires about parental concerns with hearing tests arranged if necessary
4 - 5 years pre-school hearing test?
Risk factors of glue ear
What is/are:
Exposure to cigarette smoke
Bottle feeding
Older siblings or contact with older children such as in day care
Atopic rhinitis
Cleft palate
Down’s syndrome
Cystic fibrosis?
If a child has more than one of these they get extra hearing tests done
Tinnitus
What is a term for hearing sounds that come from inside your body as opposed to coming from the external environment?
Tympanometry
What is an assessment that tests how well the patient's eardrum reacts to sound?
The two main groups of language development
What is receptive & expressive language?
Receptive - understanding of what is being said
Expressive - sharing thoughts with others
Signs of suggested delayed language development
What is:
- No use of any single words by 16 to 18 months.
- Cannot follow simple instructions, such as “Give me your shoe,” or cannot point to body parts or common objects following a verbal request by 18 months
- No use of 3-4 word utterances by the age of 2 years.
- Does not communicate with complete sentences by the age of 3 years.
- Sentences are still short or noticeably incorrect at the age of 4 years?
Treatment options for OME
Persistence over 3 months
Hearing re-tested at the end of the observation period
Nasal auto-inflation may be helpful
Surgery - ventilation tubes (grommets) & follow-up hearing reassessments?
Less frequent symptoms
What are balance difficulties, clumsiness, tinnitus & intolerance of loud sounds?
A tympanogram
What is a graphical representation of the functioning of the eardrum in response to changes in air pressure within the ear canal?
Speech & language milestones at 4 years & 5 years
4 years:
Understand & often use colour, number & time-related words ('red car').
Be able to answer questions about ‘why’ something has happened.
Longer sentences & link sentences together.
Describe events that have already happened e.g. 'we went park.'
Ask many questions using words like ‘what’ ‘where’ and ‘why’.
Start to be able to plan games with others.
5 years:
Understand spoken instructions without stopping what they are doing to look at the speaker.
Understand more complicated language (‘first’, ‘last’)
Understand words that describe sequences such as “first we are going to the shop, next we will play in the park”.
Use sentences that are well-formed. However, may still have some difficulties with grammar. 'goed' instead of 'went'.
Think more about the meanings of words, such as meaning of simple words or asking what a new word means.
Clinical presentations of issues (children with delayed language development) in receptive & expressive language
What is/are:
- Delayed receptive language - difficulty, compared to other children, following directions or understanding the words or sentence structures used by others.
- Delayed expressive language - short utterances or sentences?