Characteristics of Speech Perception l
Known as the basic unit of spoken language
What is a phoneme?
The role of context in speech perception demonstrates that humans are ____ listeners.
Active
Of the most current approaches to speech perceptions, how many categories do they usually fall into?
Two
The role of context in speech perception is an instance of ___processing.
top-down
The term _____ is used to refer to the reality that different speakers of the same language produce the same differently because of different factors, such as the speaker's regional dialect.
inter-speaker variability
What theory holds that humans are born with a specialized device or neural mechanism to decode speech stimuli?
Special mechanism approach
This is one form of phoneme variability when you are pronouncing a specific phoneme and your mouth remains in approximately the shape it was when you pronounced the previous phoneme, but also preparing to pronounce the next phoneme.
What is coarticulation?
Inter-speaker variability and coarticulation are two sources of variability. The other is due to lack of phonemic precision.
What is sloppy pronunciation?
The _______ challenges the idea that humans possess a special mechanism for speech perception.
The McGurk effect
A ___is marked by a physical event that happens less than 40% of the time in the acoustical stimulus of spoken language.
word boundary
Someone filling in a missing phoneme using contextual meaning despite a phoneme being masked and the correct sound vibrations never reaching their ears because extraneous noises such as a door shutting.
What is phoneme restoration?
What is the dominant approach to speech perception?
General mechanism approach
40 and 45
A region within the cerebral cortex identified by Michael Beauchamp and his colleagues as the location that gives rise to a perceptual phenomenon, an auditory-visual illusion, where visual information influences speech perception, such that the person must combine both visual and auditory information.
Superior temporal sulcus
Some familiar cognitive processes, such as ____________, are what speech perception both depend on and is preceded by.
feature recognition, learning, and decision making