Theories
Describe the Articulatory Filter Hypothesis.
children will say words with the sounds they can produce
children will not say words with sounds that they cannot produce
Learn sounds
1. auditory processing of speech/words -> learn/register phonological differences
2. Practice by babbling
Name an articulation assessment battery and a phonological processes assessment battery.
GFTA
KLPA
What are the 3 factors for choosing the best intervention?
1. clinician characteristics
2. child characteristics
3. intervention characteristics
A child is exhibiting phonemic collapse. Describe the type of SSD the child has and a tx approach.
2. multiple oppositions
List the following differences between articulation vs phonological processing disorders.
1. Typical SSD severity
2. Describe
3. Error pattern description
4. 3 tx approaches
Articulation
1. mild-moderate
2. structural/physical movements of vocal mechanism are not working for speech production
3. SODA: substitution, omission, distortion, addition
4. motor based approaches: traditional approach, stimulability approach, SMCT, SMP, multiple phoneme approach, concurrent approach
Phonological processing
1. moderate - severe
2. predictible, rule based errors
3. SASS: substitution, assimilation, syllable structure
4. Contrast based approaches: minimal pairs, maximal oppositions, multiple oppositions, cycles, CVT, complexity, SAILS, non-linear phonological intervention
Describe the Acoustic Studies for Development of Speech.
speech development = sensory motor relationships!
auditory/acoustic info
visual info
somatosensory info (THINK: proprioception of articulators)
motor: articulator movement, TVF vibration
What is the purpose and benefits of the Intelligibility Context Scale (ICS)
Purpose:
Pros: high reliability with PPC and provides variable contexts
What is an elicitation technique for /s/ if the client produces a lateral lisp?
What is the concurrent approach? Is it an articulation or phonological processing tx approach?
1. Working on all levels of hierarchy at same time (syllables, words, sentences, and convo levels in one session)
2. articulation, motor learning approach
1. functional
(Organic)
2. Motor/Neurological
3. Structural
4. Sensory/Perceptual
1. artic/phonology
2. MSD
3. cleft palate
4. hearing impairment
Describe the Theory of Natural Phonology.
1. processes occur due to child simplifying adult productions
2. child will natural extinct/suppress phonological processes as speech develops to more adult-like productions
Gradual process of acquisition
Describe severity percent ranges of intelligibility for mild, moderate and, severe SSD.
Mild: 85+ intelligible
Moderate 50-85% intelligible
Severe: 0-50% intelligible
Describe the 5 components of /r/ production.
1. Oral constriction: front 1/2 tongue raised
2. Lips rounded
3. Pharyngeal constriction: BOT retracts
4. Midlines of tongue: lowers
5. Sides of tongue: contact gums
What is the purpose of the complexity approach? Is it an articulation or phonological approach?
1. target selection is key (TOP DOWN) increasing complexity to encourage system wide gains
2. phonological
What are the two skills required for reading comprehension?
Word decoding + language comprehension
Organize the following sounds into ages of acquisition (2-3, 4, 5, 6yo) NOT IPA LOL
w, r, t, y, p, s, d, f, g, h, dg/j, k, l, z, v, b, n, m, sh, ch, th voiced and voiceless, treSURE (idk what to put for that sound lol), ing
2-3: p, b, m, d, m, n, t, k, g, w, ing, f, y
4: l, j, ch, s, v, sh, z
5: z, treaSURE, th voiced
6. th voiceless
Explain Stimulability Testing.
Determines which sounds can be learned quickly/easily
What is a minimal pair? What is a maximal pair?
Minimal: words differ by 1 phoneme and that differs in 1 feature (PMV)
Maximal (maximal distinction): words differ by 1 phoneme and differs in 2+ features and class (PMV and obstruent vs sonorant)
Describe the cycles approach.
1. target population
2. purpose
3. target selection
4. what is a cycle and duration
5. Procedures during session
1. severe phonological processing (severely unintelligible)
2. consistent productions
3. phonological processing hierarchy (MUST be 40% stimulable the specific target)
4. a period of weeks to "cycle"/rotate through the specified targets (5-6 or 15-16 weeks)
5. review, bombardment, target word cards, production practice, stimulability probing, bombardment, home program
Name 4 phonological awareness skills.
Describe the differences between skill acquisition vs skill/motor learning.
1. definition
2. tx complexity of targets
3. practice schedule
4. clinician feedback
Skill acquisition: temporary improvement in performance that indicates the client can perform the task successfully
2. simple
3. constant and blocked
4. KP: descriptive feedback about performance of articulators "good job pulling your tongue back"
Skill/Motor Learning: based on motor learning principles for retention/generalization of skill acquired
2. complex
3. random and variable
4. KR: feedback regarding accuracy (Good job/not quite try again)
Describe the full dx procedures of SSD evaluation (6)
1. Case history
2. hearing assessment and OME
3. speech sounds
4. phonological processing
5. language/phonological awareness
6. ICF/QoL considerations
What are the 3 approaches that target speech sound production consistency (not accuracy)?
Cycles
CVT
Stimulability approach
Describe 2 articulation and 2 phonological tx approaches.
(not previously mentioned w/ target population, target selection, purpose, etc.)
check your notes lol
Name a tx approach for a client dx w/ SSD and DLD and describe the approach.
Integrated Phonological Awareness Approach
EMT w/ phonological emphasis
Natural recast intervention
Morphosyntactic speech sound intervention