Speech Sound Classes
The manner of articulation in which airflow is obstructed briefly by the articulators
What is a "stop" sound?
A score that allows a person's performance to be compared to the average performance for their peer group. (Average scores usually fall between 85-115.)
What is a "standard score"?
When the last consonant of a word is consistently omitted (e.g. "cat" to "cah")
What is "final consonant deletion"?
An approach in which a trained clinician uses their hands to physically manipulate a client's articulators to produce specific speech sounds
What is the "PROMPT approach"?
A contrastive approach in which a target sound is paired with another sound that is either known or errored, but varies by many features
What is the "Maximal Oppositions" approach?
The manner of articulation in which air is forced through a narrow channel formed by the articulators, causing turbulence of the air
What is a "fricative" sound?
A range of likely standard scores, taking into account the standard error of measurement
What is the "confidence interval"?
When one element is consistently omitted from a consonant cluster (e.g. "swing" to "wing")
What is "cluster reduction"?
An approach that uses principles of motor learning to address 1 sound at a time along the hierarchy of speech sound production
What is the "Traditional Motor-Based Approach"?
An approach that addresses 2 or more targets from primary patterns for 1 hour each before moving on to the next target
What is the "Cycles" approach?
The place of production in which the tongue tip touches or approximates the bony structure behind the upper teeth
What is an "alveolar" sound?
A score that tells the % of peers the person scored as well or better than
What is the "percentile rank"?
When one syllable in a word is repeated (e.g. "wawa" for "water")
What is "reduplication"?
An approach that addresses multiple sounds at once, usually grouped by feature (i.e. cognate pairs, or sounds sharing a place/manner)
What is the "Multiple Phoneme" approach?
A strategy for choosing target sounds in which preference is given to more complex, later-developing, non-stimulable sounds
What is the "Complexity Approach"?
The type of speech sound for which the vocal folds do not make contact with each other
What is a "voiceless" sound?
The part of the report that provides information about a person's birth, medical, educational, and family/social history
What is the "case history"?
When fricative sounds are consistently replaced with stop sounds (e.g. "sun" to "tun")
What is "stopping"?
When a client's correct production of the target sound in "key words" is used to facilitate the target sound in other words
What is the "Paired Stimuli" approach?
A contrastive approach in which a collapsed phoneme is paired with 2-4 of the sounds for which it is substituted
What is the "Multiple Oppositions" approach?
The place of production in which the top teeth lightly contact the lower lip
What is "labiodental"?
An assessment that measures whether the oral and pharyngeal structure and function support speech production
What is an "oral structure and function assessment"?
When a phoneme in a word is changed to match features of another, nearby sound (e.g. /mim/ for “team”)
What is "assimilation"?
When a client with unintelligible speech and inconsistent speech errors is taught to produce consistent approximations of important words
What is the "Core Vocabulary" approach?
A contrastive approach that targets one of the client's errored sounds along with the sound that is substituted for it
What is the "Minimal Oppositions" approach?