Rules a-e
14a Except after c, write ie when the sound is ______.
EXAMPLES bel__ve, n__ce, ch__f, rec__ve, dec__t
EXCEPTIONS w__rd, l__sure, __ther, s__ze, n__ther
long e
EXAMPLES believe, niece, chief, receive, deceit
EXCEPTIONS weird, leisure, either, seize, neither
14f Drop the final silent e before a suffix beginning with a _____.
EXAMPLES hope + ing = _____ write + er =_______ safe + est =_______move + able = _______
EXCEPTION Keep the silent e in words ending in ___ and __ before a suffix beginning with _ or ___
EXAMPLES peace + able = _____________ advantage + ous = ____________
vowel
hoping - writer - safest - movable
ce and ge
a or o.
peaceable - advantageous
14k Form the plurals of nouns ending in _, _ , _, __, or __ by adding -__.
SINGULAR glass - fox - waltz - beach - bush
NOTE Proper nouns usually follow this rule, too.
EXAMPLES the Gomez - the Ross - the Burch - the Walsh - the Mannix
s, x, z, ch, or sh
-es
PLURAL glasses foxes waltzes beaches bushes
EXAMPLES the Gomezes - the Rosses - the Burches - the Walshes - the Mannixes
14p Form the plurals of nouns ending in o preceded by a vowel by adding ___.
The plurals of many nouns ending in o preceded by a consonant are formed by adding ___.
SINGULAR stereo - patio - hero - tomato
EXCEPTIONS burritos - hello - photo - silo
s
es
PLURAL stereos patios heroes tomatoes
EXCEPTIONS burritos hellos photos silos
-cede, -ceed, and -sede
14c The only word ending in -sede is _______________.
The only words ending in -ceed are ___________, ____________, and ________.
All other words with this sound end in -______. EXAMPLES secede, accede, precede
supersede
exceed, proceed, and succeed
-cede.
14h For words ending in y preceded by a consonant, change the y to i before any suffix that does not begin with __.
For words ending in y preceded by a vowel, _____________________
EXCEPTIONS say + ed = ______ day + ly = _______
i
do not change the spelling before a suffix.
said
daily
14m Form the plurals of nouns ending in y preceded by a vowel by _________________
adding –s.
Form the plurals of most musical terms ending in o by adding.
SINGULAR alto cello concerto soprano
-s
PLURAL altos cellos concertos sopranos
14b Write ei when the sound is not long e, especially when the sound is ________.
EXAMPLES reindeer, veil, weigh, heir
EXCEPTIONS science, view, friend, pie, tie, diet
long a
14g Keep the final e before a suffix beginning with a consonant.
EXAMPLES use + ful = useful care + less = careless safe + ty = safety
advertise + ment = advertisement
EXCEPTIONS awe + ful = _______ nine + th = ______ whole + ly = _______ true + ly = ________
awful
ninth
wholly
truly
14l Form the plurals of nouns ending in y preceded by a consonant by changing the ______________________________
SINGULAR sky - city - story - party - county (Spell Plural)
EXCEPTION With proper nouns, simply add __.
EXAMPLES Kelly - Kandinsky (Spell Plural)
y to i and adding -es.
PLURAL skies - cities - stories - parties - counties
-s
EXAMPLES the Kellys the Kandinskys
14p Form the plurals of nouns ending in o preceded by a vowel by adding ___.
The plurals of many nouns ending in o preceded by a consonant are formed by adding ____.
SINGULAR stereo - patio - hero - tomato (Spell plural)
EXCEPTIONS burrito - hello - photo - silo (Spell plural)
-s
-es.
PLURAL stereos patios heroes tomatoes
PLURAL burritos hellos photos silos
14d When adding a prefix to a word, _______________________________
do not change the spelling of the word itself.
14i Double the _____ ___________ before adding -ing, -ed, -er, or -est to a one-syllable word that ends in a consonant preceded by a single vowel.
Some one-syllable words end in a consonant preceded by _____ vowels or by a second ________. For these words, do not double the consonant before adding -ing, -ed, -er, or -est.
final consonant
two
consonant
14n Form the plurals of most nouns ending in f by adding -s.
The plurals of some nouns ending in f or fe are formed by changing the ________________________________________
NOTE When you are not sure how to spell the plural of a noun ending in f or fe, look in a ____________________.
adding -s
f to v and adding either -s or -es.
dictionary
NOTE To form the plurals of some nouns ending in o preceded by a consonant, you may add either __ or __.
SINGULAR mosquito tornado volcano
-s or -es
PLURAL mosquitos - tornados - volcanos
mosquitoes - tornadoes - volcanoes
14e When adding the suffix ______or ___________ to a word, do not change the spelling of the word itself.
-ness or -ly
14j Form the plurals of most nouns by adding -s.
SINGULAR tree - river - shoe - pizza - duck - convoy
PLURAL
trees rivers shoes pizzas ducks convoys
14o Form the plural of a _________________ consisting of a noun plus a modifier by making the modified noun plural.
Example - sister in law (What is the modified noun? Make plural)
lemon tree
compound noun
sisters-in-law
lemon trees
14q The plurals of a few nouns are formed in ____________ways.
SINGULAR man goose child mouse foot deer
irregular
PLURAL men geese children mice feet deer