Define It!
Morphology
The study of the structure of words
3 Different Types of Nouns (and an example of each)
A person (Erin, Zaneta, Shell), An animal (‘dog’), A place (‘Australia’), A thing (‘chair’), Absract ('love')
Content Words Vs Function Words
Content: Open-class (nouns, verbs, adjectives & adverbs)
Function: Closed-class (conjunctions, articles, prepositions etc)
Functions words do not have a clear lexical meaning: true/false
True
Carpet
One
Morpheme
The smallest unit of linguistic meaning or function at the word level
3 Forms of a Verb
Present progressive (running), irregular past tense (ran), past tense (walked) etc
Adjective: Absolute, Comparative, Superlative
Gradable forms of adjective e.g tall, taller, tallest
Whien the suffix -ify is added to an adjective, what word class does it become?
A verb! E.g purify, glorify
desirability
Desire + able + ity
Lexicon
A speaker’s mental dictionary incl: Phonological representation, Orthographic representation, Grammatical (syntactic) information
Free: gentle, cat, run Bound: -s, -ed, un-
Function Words vs Bound Morphemes
They are both grammatical morphmese - required by syntactic rules BUT one can stand alone (function word) and a bound morpheme requires a free morpheme)
Give me a word with 3 different inflections!
e.g sail, sails, sailing, sailed
Eaten
Eat-en
Gerund
Functions as noun (although it looks like a verb) & ends in 'ing' e.g I love skiing
Bound Root Morpheme - explain with 1 example!
(Just give me 1 example!) e.g cran-, -fer, -ceive
Affixes: Prefixes vs Suffixes vs Infixes vs Circumfixes
Prefix: before free morpheme, Suffix: after, Infixes: inserted in, Circumfixes: both ends
Allomorphs vs Allophones!!!
/p/ vs aspirated /p/ - Allophone
Catsssss vs dogzzzzz - allomorph
Unsystemacticaly
un+system+atic+al+ly
Adverb
Adverbs express information such as time, manner, quantity, frequency/describe the verb/express attitude of speaker e.g probably
Compounds
Whitewash, bittersweet, popcorn
Derivational vs Inflectional
Derivational: change the meaning/word class of the content word
Inflectional: bound morphemes that mark grammatical features of language such as tense and number
An example of an unproductive vs productive morpheme!
Productive: -s e.g sails
Unproductive: -en (children) - child OR sing, sang, sung
Margin
1!