WHODUNIT
IDENTIFY Margaret Cavendish
one of the most prominent scientists of the 17th century; came from an English aristocratic family; excluded from the English Royal Society; author of several scientific books
What role did royal patrons (investors, philanthropists) play in the Scientific Revolution?
often dictated the course of research or the types of research that would be acceptable.
DEFINE Cartesian Dualism
Descartes' principle of the separation of mind and matter (body) which led Westerners to equate a person's identity with mind and reason rather than with the whole person [desCARTES=CARTESian]
What happened to Blaise Pascal when the Spielvogel book was updated by Glencoe editors/publishers?
He was removed from the book. The resulting message was that only reason stands, and faith is erased.
IDENTIFY Blaise Pascal
brilliant mathematician; sought to keep science and religion united; wanted to show that Christianity was not contrary to reason; wrote Pensées
____________ greatly aided the spread of scientific knowledge throughout Europe
the existence of scientific societies
DEFINE rationalism
a system of thought expounded by Rene Descartes based on the belief that reason is the chief source of knowledge // introduced as a "new" philosophy during the scientific revolution and dominated Western thought until the twentieth century
TRUE OR FALSE: every scientist and philosopher during the Scientific Revolution rejected God.
F A L S E
IDENTIFY René Descartes
the father of modern rationalism; said "I think, therefore I am"
the two most significant societies in Europe
English Royal Society and the French Royal Academy of Sciences
DEFINE secularization
seeing the world in material, not religious, terms
THIS way of thinking caused the secularization of Europe to increase
people acting on worldly, not religious, assumptions
IDENTIFY Maria Winkelmann
the most famous of the female astronomers in Germany; discovered a comet; was not hired by Berlin Academy
these, or this, were the pathway for women to contribute scientifically even through they were excluded from universities
informal scientific networks
DEFINE the scientific method, as it was originally created in the context of philosophy
a way to examine and understand nature and the physical world
Descartes' two principles
First principle: "I think, therefore I am"; Second principle: the separation of mind and matter (body)
IDENTIFY Francis Bacon
English lawyer who developed the scientific method
two differences and two similarities between the two most significant societies in Europe
DIFFERENCES: 1. English Royal Society received little government support, while the French Royal Academy of Sciences received state funds and remained under government control; 2. English Royal Society set up a committee to study how technology could improve industry, while the French Royal Academy of Sciences collected tools and machines. SIMILARITIES: 1. Both stressed the value of scientific research; 2. both showed that science should be a cooperative venture
the name for Francis Bacon's idea that scientists should proceed from the particular to the general
inductive principles
A QUOTE by Blaise Pascal which sums up his approach to reason and Christianity
"If we submit everything to reason, there will be no mystery and no supernatural element in our religion."