THINK ABOUT IT
Which African nations were founded as refuges for former slaves?
Sierra Leone and Liberia
Which European nations competed against each other for control of Africa? By 1914, which nations had carved up Africa?
Great Britain, France, Germany, Belgium, Portugal
G, B, G-B, P F
What did Bismarck mean when he said, "All this colonial business is a sham, but we need it for the elections"?
Bismarck thought that there was little of value that could be gained, but it gave voters pride in their nation.
IDENTIFY David Livingston & Henry Stanley
A British explorer who explored central regions of Africa + an American reporter who found Livingstone
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"David Livingstone began his African explorations in 1849 when he crossed the Kalahari Desert to reach Lake Ngami. From 1853 to 1856, he explored central Africa and was the first non-African to cross the African continent from east to west. In 1871 Livingstone became ill and lost contact with the outside world. It was then that Henry Stanley was sent by the New York Herald on his famous search, and he located Livingstone in Uji, which is now known as Tanzania. ("Dr. Livingston, I presume?") Livingstone continued his exploration, and died of malaria on May 1, 1873."
Why did the Boers go on the Great Hike?
to get away from the British
Who was King Leopold II?
The real driving force behind the colonization of Africa. King of Belgium who supported colonization of Central Africa.
He hired Henry Stanley (remember him?) to set up Belgian settlements in Congo. King Leopold II started to claim so much land in Africa that other European nations became alarmed, and France began to seize land as well
What was the new class of Africans that developed in many African nations?
They admired Western culture and sometimes disliked the ways of their own countries
IDENTIFY Muhammad Ahmad
He was a Muslim cleric known as The Mahdi, a generic term which means "The rightly guided one"). He's known for bringing much of the Sudan under his control. Britain wanted to control Sudan in order to protect Britain's interests in Egypt and Suez Canal, but Muhammad Ahmad led a revolt and gained control of Sudan (for a time).
Which African state successfully defeated colonization attempts?
Ethiopia
What was the Berlin Conference? Why was the fact that no African delegates were invited important to the future of Africa; meaning, how does the Berlin Conference STILL affect Africa today?
The Berlin Conference divided territories in Africa among European powers
Many current disputes in Africa have resulted from boundaries that were arbitrarily drawn by Europeans.
Who were the Zulus and who were the Boers? What is another name for Boer?
Zulus were a South African tribal group which created their own empire under a ruler named Shaka, while the Boers, or Afrikaners, were descendants of Dutch settlers
IDENTIFY the Suez Canal
Opened in 1869; connected the Red and Mediterranean Seas. Great Britain believed this was its "lifeline to India" for trade
What happened to the slave trade when the Atlantic slave trade ended? Which nation led the efforts to stop this?
Arab peoples continued to trade enslaved people, they just switched to the East coast of Africa (Zanzibar) when the Atlantic slave trade was abolished. Britain fought to end it
What were Cecil Rhodes' goals in southern Africa?How did he go about achieving those goals? Do you regard him as successful or unsuccessful?
His goal was to spread British control in Africa. He plotted to provoke a war with the Boers.
It depends. He was successful in that a war was indeed fought resulting in Britain occupying the Boer republics!
Did the decline of the slave trade reduce the number of Europeans in Africa? Why or why not?
No, because interest in other forms of trade increased. Europeans sold textiles and other manufactured goods in exchange for such West African natural resources as peanuts,timber, hides, and palm oil
IDENTIFY Muhammad Ali*
*not a boxer
Egypt had been under Ottoman control. As Ottoman power declined, Egyptians sought independence. Muhammad Ali was an Egyptian officer who seized power in 1805 and established an Egyptian state
What happened with the Suez Canal? In your retelling, identify which nation was responsible for which aspect.
France built it.
It was finished in 1869, but it put Egypt into debt and into more reliance on colonial powers. In 1875, England bought out Egypt's share of Suez Canal stocks. Egypt tried to revolt against foreign influence in 1881, but England made Egypt a protectorate of England.
Muhammad Ahmad (The Mahdi) tried to take over Sudan, but England wanted Sudan for themselves and Egypt, so England (led by General Charles Gordon) and The Mahdi fought about it. France showed up and England and France almost duked it out at Fashoda, near the Nile River.
England ended up maintaining their control of the Suez Canal and France left.
What was Bismarck's purpose for the Berlin Conference of 1884, and how did he try to achieve it? How did the conference demonstrate European chauvinism?
trying to ease tensions between imperial powers by establishing rules for dividing up Africa; was not interested in colonies, but feared that imperialism would trigger a European war
HOWEVER, he did not invite any leaders of African nations!