Pathology
Damage to sacral cord and lumbar nerve roots, flaccid paralysis of LE, and areflexive bowel and bladder
What is Conus medullaris?
Motor function is preserved below the neurological level, and at least half of key muscles below the neurological level have muscle grades of 3/5 or more
What is ASIA D?
Name 2 things you need to do when someone has AD
What is a. Position in upright sitting (head up, trunk, elevated, LE down) b. Remove noxious stimuli ASAP (loosen clothing, check bladder & bowel) c. Monitor BP d. Notify MD/nursing?
Spinal thalamic and dorsal columns/medial lamniscus are what kinds of tracts?
What are Sensory tracts?
In autonomic dysreflexia, sympathetic acts below the injury causing these 2 things:
What is Vasoconstriction & HTN?
This is from a extension injury, UE affected more than LE, usually in the older population, and sensation is intact.
What is Central cord syndrome?
Motor function is preserved below the neurological level and more than half of key muscles below level have a muscle grade less than 3.
What is AISA C?
Bed mobility, transfers, feeding, grooming, bowel, bladder that are dependent are expected outcomes for what spinal cord level range.
What is C1-C4?
•MOTOR
•Descending, efferent neurons
•Crosses in the MEDULLA (Brainstem)
•Path: Frontal lobe to Internal Capsule to medulla to SC to anterior horn to muscle
What is corticospinal tract?
•impairments in the trunk, pelvis, and LEs (depending on the level of injury)
•Result of thoracic, lumbar or sacral level injury
What is paraplegia?
Sympathetic and parasympathetic not working together causing vasodilation
What is Autonomic dysfunction?
Spastic paralysis, hypertonia, co-contraction, hyperreflexia (below the level of the injury)
What UMN signs?
Provides support from upper back to pelvic region, prevents trunk rotation, side bending, flexion/extension, and may have metal upright, sternal pad, and/or shoulder straps
What is a TLSO?
•Sensory (ascending/afferent)
•Proprioception, vibration, 2-point distinction fine/light touch
•Crosses in MEDULLA (Brainstem)
•Travels through dorsal SC (posterior)
What is Dorsal Lemnical Pathway?
The application of a vertical weight or force directly down along the long axis of the column
What is Axial Loading?
Abnormal bone growth in the soft tissue in which up to 53% of those w/ SCI will have
What is Heterotrophic ossification?
Incomplete: sensory but not motor function is preserved below the neurological level and includes the sacral segments S4-S5
What is ASIA B?
Name 2 muscles that need to be lengthened.
What are pecs, IRs and plantarflexors?
The tract responsible for vibration and crude touch/pressure
What is spinalthalamic tract?
If you have an injury at T11 would there be psychogenic or reflexogenic stimulation, or both?
What is reflexogenic only?
Occurs with SCI at or above T6 and doesn’t always occur right after injury, typically due to a noxious stimuli. This is an EMERGENCY!
What is Autonomic dysreflexia?
C5 has these muscles intact. (Name 3)
What is neck flexors, ER, partial deltoids, biceps, serratus anterior, upper trap?
a natural biomechanical movement that allows individuals with cervical spinal cord injuries (typically at the C6 or C7 level) to grasp and release objects without active finger control
What is tenodesis?
a descending pathway, beginning as axons of the neurons present in the red nucleus and terminates by synapsing with the interneurons in the spinal cord.
What is the Rubrospinal tract?
Ipsilateral loss of motor, vibration, proprioception; contralateral loss of pain and temperature; usually a penetrating trauma or lateral compression.
What is Brown Sequard syndrome?