Anatomy
Which two vertebral curves are lordotic?
cervical and lumbar
For c-spine, we angle our tube 15 degree cephalic and oblique our patient to visualize what anatomy?
Intervertebral foramina
Where should the CR be centered on the patient for the AP projection of the lumbosacral vertebrae?
Iliac Crest
What are the best breathing instructions for a lateral Tspine?
Breathing technique
What should be done to reduce OID on a lateral view Cspine?
Increase SID to 72
Describe what C1 and C2 do, the anatomy and the other names associated with them.
c1=atlas c2= axis
c1 carries weight of the head
c2 pivots
c1 has no body, c2 has the dens that creates a body for C1
The radiographer should not use fuchs method is the patient is ______.
suspected to have a fx
Which projection of the lumbar vertebrae best demonstrates intervertebral foramina?
Lateral
With reference to the patient, where should the top border of the IR or collimated field be positioned for the AP projection the the thoracic vertebrae?
1.5-2 in above shoulders
When looking for c7-T1, which view will best demonstrate this area?
Swimmers
c3-c6 have how many foramina openings? & why is the spinous process different than the Thoracic and Lumbar?
3 foramina (2 transverse and vertebral foramina)
The cpsine has double pointed bifid tips as the spinous process
A lateral C-spine also goes by the name of
Grandy
Which projection of the lumbar vertebrae best demonstrates the zygapophyseal joints? Which side is best visualized?
AP oblique, shows side closest to the IR
What is the angle for a sacrum/coccyx?
Sacrum 15 cephalic
Coccyx 10 caudal
What position of the cspine best demonstrates the left intervertebral foramina if the CR is angled 15-20 degrees cephalic?
RPO
AP shows farther from IR
What structures articulate with vertebral demifacets
head of the ribs
What cervical structures are best seen on an open mouth view?
c 1 & c 2
Which positioning error most likely occurred if the zygapophyseal joints are not well demonstrated and the pedicle was quite anterior on the vertebral body in an image of an AP oblique projection of the lumbar vertebrae?
the patient was not rotated enought
Which projection most requires usage of the anode heel effect to improve its image quality?
AP projection of the T-spine
FAT CAT
Which cervical vertebra structures are perforated with a foramen for the passage of the vertebral artery and vein?
Transverse process
What is the coccygeal cornua?
is where the coccyx articulates with the sacrum.
What is the CR for an AP axial oblique cspine?
CR at C4 with a 15-20 degree cephalic angle
Which vertebral structures are best demonstrated if a supine patient is rotated 45 degrees with the right side elevated and a perpendicular CR is directed at the third lumbar vertebra?
Z joints of the left side.
Which projection best demonstrates the intervertebral foramina of the thoracic vertebral column?
Lateral
What projection of the c-spine demonstrates the spinous processes elevated and widely separated?
Lateral hyperflexion