Spine

Anatomy

100

What do intervertebral disks function as? A. nothing B.cushions c. shock absorbers d. both b and c

D: What is cushions or "shock absorbers"

200

C2 is also called? A. atlas b. axis c. vertebral prominens d. open mouth

b. What is axis

300

The vertebral arch is formed by? A. anterior arch and posterior arch b. 2 lamina c. 2 pedicles d. 2 pedicles and 2 lamina

D. What is 2 pedicles and 2 lamina

400

What are the 3 functions of the vertebral column? i.. protect the spinal cord ii.. support the trunk iii. provide muscle attachments iv. allow for rotation, flexion, and extension A. i, ii, iv B. ii, iii, iv C. i, ii, iii D. iv only

C. What is encloses and protects the spinal cord, supports the trunk and skull, and provides muscle attachments

500

Anteriorly kyphotic curves are? A. concave B. convex C. extreme kyphotic d. extreme lordosis

A. What is concave

Pathology

100

Breaking down of the vertebra is known as? A. spondylolisthesis B. Spondylitis C. Spondylolysis

C. What is spondylolysis

200

What is spina bifida? A. inflammation of the vertebra B. breaking down the vertebra C. forward displacement - usually L5-S1 D. failure of the posterior encasement of the spinal cord to close

D. What is failure of the posterior encasement of the spinal cord to close

300

What is spondylolisthesis? A. inflammation of the vertebra B. breaking down the vertebra C. forward displacement - usually L5-S1 D. failure of the posterior encasement of the spinal cord to close

C. What is forward displacement of a vertebra over a lower vertebra

400

What is a Hangman's fracture? A. fx of the anterior arch of C2 due to hyperextension B. Avulsion fx of the spinous process caused by hyperflexion of the neck in C6-T1 C. Fx that causes compression of the bone D. comminuted fx of C1 ring, as a result from landing abruptly on your feet.

A. What is fx of the anterior arch of C2 due to hyperextension

500

What is a Clay Shoveler's fracture? A. fx of the anterior arch of C2 due to hyperextension B. Avulsion fx of the spinous process caused by hyperflexion of the neck in C6-T1 C. Fx that causes compression of the bone D. comminuted fx of C1 ring, as a result from landing abruptly on your feet.

B. What is avulsion fx of the spinous process in the lower and upper thoracic region

Procedures

100

CR entry for AP L-spine?

What is iliac crest (L4)

200

CR entry for lateral L5-S1? A. 2" posterior to ASIS and 1.5" below IC B. 2" posterior to ASIS and 2" below IC C. 1.5" posterior to ASIS and 2" below IC D. None of the above

A. 2" posterior to ASIS and 1.5" below IC

300

CR entry and angulation (if needed) for lateral t-spine A. No CR required B. 15-20 caudad C. 15-20 cephalic D. Use a sponge and angle 15-20 cephalic

C. What is enters at inferior angles of scapula (T7) and if spine is not horizontal angle 15-20 degrees cephalic

400

What is the CR entry for AP Oblique SI joints? A. 1" medial from the elevated IC B. 1" medial from the downside ASIS C. 1" medial to the elevated ASIS D. 1" medial from IC

C. What is 1" medial to elevated ASIS

500

What is the CR entry for a lateral coccyx? A. 2" inferior from IC and 1" posterior to the MCP B. 3.5" anterior from MCP and 2" inferior to ASIS C. 3.5" posterior and 2" inferior to ASIS D. None of the above

C. What is 3.5" posterior and 2" inferior to ASIS

Best Demonstrates

100

In what projection can you see the scottie dogs? A. AP L-spine B. Obl T-spine C. Obl L-spine D. Any L-spine projection

C. What is oblique L-spine

200

Which projection best demonstrates the dens within the foramen magnum? A. Fuchs B. Ferguson C. Open Mouth D. None

A. What is AP Fuchs

300

What does the lateral L-spine demonstrate? i. intervertebral disk spaces ii. intervertebral foramina iii. spinous processes iv. vertebral foramina A. i, ii, iv B. ii, iii, iv C. i, ii, iii D. none of the above

C. What is intervertebral disk spaces, intervertebral foramina, and spinous processes

400

The lateral t-spine best demonstrates the IVF. True or False A. True B. False

A. What is intervertebral foramina

500

Which projection best demonstrates the intervertebral foramina on side further from IR? A. lateral t-spine B. lateral c-spine C. ap axial oblique c-spine D. ap obl l-spine

C. What is AP axial oblique c-spine

Misc.

100

How many vertebrae are there in early life? A. 22 B. 24 C. 33 D. 36

C. What is 33

200

The intervertebral foramina is used for transmission of? A. oxygen B. arteries C. blood vessels D. happiness

B and C What is arteries and blood vessels

300

How are the spinous processes projected in hyperflexion? A. elevated and widely separated B. Depressed and in close approximation

A. What is elevated and widely separated

400

What makes up the occlusal plane? A. the WHAT????????? B. tip of the chin and mastoid tip C. the chin, cheek, and nose D. bottom edge of the upper incisors and the mastoid tip

What is bottom edge of the upper incisors and the mastoid tip

500

The transverse foramina are located on which vertebra? A. C1 B. C2 C. C7 D. all

A. What is C1