Features
Adjacency Pairs (provide an example)
What is utterances or phrases that are expected to come sequentially to another in a conversation. Generally have a preferred and dispreferred responses. e.g., 'Can you please close the window?' 'Sure thing!' (preffered response) 'Sorry, I can't.' (dispreffered response).
Code switching
What is switching between languages during a single interaction when both interlocutors have two common languages.
What is a form of communication that poses a threat to a persons positive or negative face. Mitigated with politeness strategies.
E.g. disagreements (saying no), commands, etc.
'Hi, how are you!'
'Good thanks, how are you!'
What is an Adjacency pair
Please practice your 日本語。ありがとう。
What is code-switching
Brief replies in a conversation that acknowledges and encourages a speaker. May indicate opinion, engagement, understanding, etc. (Provide example).
What are minimal responses/backchannels. E.g., 'Mm-hmm', 'I see', etc.
The method in which speakers alternate turns when in conversation, switching between who is speaking and who is listening.
What is turn-taking.
The desire to be seen as competent and liked by others. Need for favourable social interactions, maintaining positive self-image
What is positive face.
'I jus- I mean I really onl- I just left for a quick coffee.'
What are false starts (non-fluency feature)
'What's the name of my English teacher again?'
'It's Mr. Johnston sillyyy'
What is a repair sequence (self-initiated other repair)
The two types of overlapping speech (provide examples)
What is cooperative (e.g., 'the movie was [so great]' '[omg it was amazing]') and uncooperative (e.g., 'can you please [lend me]' '[no, I really can't] I'm sorry').
Strategies in spoken discourse.
What are strategies that help speakers achieve successful communication, creates harmonious environment.
Strategies we use to maintain social harmony by demonstrating and building rapport. Includes: Emphasising similarity, showing interest, using humour, offering compliments, and using inclusive language.
What is Positive politeness.
'It's so annoying!'
'Right'
'I'm so upset about it!'
'mmm, yeah for sure.'
What is minimal responses/backchannels.
'Unload the dishwasher right now!'
What is a negative face threat.
Discourse markers/particles (provide example)
What are lexemes that don't carry meaning on their own but help to organise communication and often indicate speakers intention. E.g., 'Well...', 'you know' 'like', 'anyway', etc.
Topic management (name and define the six methods).
Initiation (Introduction of a new topic, explicitly or implicitly), Development (elaboration/progression of topics (expanding upon topic)), Shift (conversation moving from one topic to another when there is a link between them), Change (transition between topics, can occur naturally or deliberately), Loop (revisiting a previous topic), Termination (closure of topic in conversation)
Desire to be free from imposition. A need for independence, privacy, freedom, etc.
What is negative face
'Well, I think you're wrong. I mean, its pretty out there."
What are discourse particles ('well', 'I mean')
'Is it maybe possible for you to pick up the kids?'
What is hedging (negative politeness)
Pauses, Filled pauses/voice hesitations, false starts, repetition, and repairs. These reduce cohesion.
What are Non-fluency features
Management of repair sequences (provide example).
What is the process speakers use to identify and correct communication problems. e.g., P1:'His name is Andy- I mean Alan' (self-initiated self repair), P1:'What's his name?' P2:'It's Alan' (self-initiated other repair), P2:'Is his name Andy?' P1:'No, it's Alan' (other-initiated self repair), P2:'His name isn't Andy, it's Alan.' (other-initiated other repair)
Negative politeness (provide examples).
What is reducing imposition on a listener using hedging, being indirect and ambiguous, using low modality verbs, apologising, and applying other mitigating strategies.
'I do, I mean I did really enjoy it.'
What is a repair (non-fluency feature).
'We should do our project together tonight, we'll make it fun for us!'
What is using inclusive language (Positive politeness)