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Sponge Evolution
Cnidarian Evolution
Sponge Reproduction
Cnidarian Reproduction
General
100
About when did sponges first appear on Earth?
650-700 million years ago
100
About when did cnidarians first appear on Earth?
700 million years ago
100
In what two ways can sponges reproduce?
Sexually and asexually
100
In what two ways can cnidarians reproduce?
Sexually and asexually
100
Give three examples of cnidarians?
Jellyfish, hydra, sea anemone, coral, Portuguese man of war
200
What is an ancestor of a specific smaller group of sponges?
Eumetazoa
200
What is the group that cnidaria and ctenophora added to called?
Coelenterata
200
What happens to the zygote?
It develops into a ciliated larva, which then swims to a new location
200
What does the planula do when it is produced?
It swims to a new location
200
What is the word that describes sponges' inability to move?
Sessile
300
What is a monophyletic group? Are sponges part of it?
A group of the same species that aren't descended from a common ancestor. Sponges are not part of it.
300
What are calcareans?
Cellular sponges
300
What is sequential hermaphroditism?
It is when the sponge is one gender for a period of time, but then switches to the other gender
300
What is budding?
This is when smaller polyps form on a parent polyp, until they eventually break off
300
Give two reasons that sponges and cnidarians help aquatic animals?
They serve as protection and food
400
What part of the sponge do the choanoflagellates resemble?
Choanocytes
400
What do cnidarians and ctenophora have in common?
They both rely on the flow of water in and out of a single cavity for feeding
400
What happens when sponges reproduce asexually?
Asexual reproduction happens from fragmentation and budding
400
What process do cnidarians go through when they reproduce asexually?
Budding
400
What are the two body forms for cnidarians?
Polyp and Medusa
500
What did sponges evolve from?
Choanoflagellate-like protists
500
What two groups are cnidarians most closely related to?
Calcareans and Ctenophorians
500
What process do sponges usually go through when they reproduce sexually?
They go through sequential hermaphroditism
500
When cnidarians reproduce sexually, what does it produce
A juvenile form called a planula
500
What kingdom and phylum are sponges and cnidarians?
Sponges: Kingdom, Animalia Phylum, Porifera Cnidarians: Kingdom, Animalia Phylum, Cnidaria