Phylum/Habitat
What is the name of the phylum for sponges?
Which animal is considered to be the most simplistic and has the most evolutionary history on earth?
Sponges
What type of body symmetry do sponges and cnidarians have?
Sponges- Asymmetry
Cnidarians - Radial
What method do sponges and cnidarians use to asexually reproduce?
Budding
Sponges and cnidarians have no spines and are considered to be ___________.
Invertebrates
Parazoans
How do sponges feed?
Filter feeders
What protein comprises the spicules of the sponge class Calcarea?
** Note: be sure to know the 3 classes of poriferans and what their spicules are made of.
What specialized cells do sponges have which allow them to filtrate water that passes through their pores?
Collar cells (choanocytes)
This is a group of archaeocytes surrounded by a tough layer of spicules, which can survive in diffucult conditions.
Gemmule
What do we call the middle layer of body tissue in cnidarians?
Mesoglea
What does it mean when something is SESSILE?
Live their entire adult life attached to the same spot.
What animals are included in the phylum Cnidarian?
Hydras, Jellyfish, Sea Anemones, and Corals
Which class of Cnidarian do we include our sea anemones and corals?
Anthozoa
** Note: Know the 3 classes of Cnidarians and what animals are included in them.
What do we call the large opening (hole) in the top of the sponge?
Osculum
Internally, externally, or both?
NO CHANCE TO STEAL!
Both internally and externally depending if it is reproducing sexually or asexually.
What does Symbiosis mean?
Interaction between 2 different organisms living in the same habitat.
Types: Mutualism - Both benefit
Commensalism - 1 benefits; 1 neither benefits/harmed
Parasitic - 1 benefits; 1 harmed
What type of symbiosis is demonstrated between the bristlestar and azure vase sponge?
Mutualism
Why are coral reefs important to the life within our oceans?
Largest breeding ground for biodiversity.
Cnidarians have a loosely organized network of nerve cells that together allow cnidarians to detect stimuli. What is the technical term for this network?
Nerve Net
What are the 2 body forms cnidarians can have?
Polyp & Medusa
What are sponges and hydras considered because they have both male and female reproductive organs?
Hermaphrodite
What do we call the outter layer of "skin" cells on the sponge?
Pinacocyte
Hydrostatic skeleton
Jet Propulsion
What are a few ecological problems effecting coral reefs? What is considered to be the biggest problem and why is this?
Ecological Problems: Chemical pollution, plastics in the water, overharvesting of plant/animal life, coral bleaching, invasive species, etc.
Coral bleaching due to climate change is the largest ecological problem. Increased ocean temperatures causes symbiotic algae to become toxic and coral to expel the algae. The coral turn white, starve and die. Once this occurs, there is usually no recuperating from it.
Which class would we place the japanese man of war in?
hydrazoa (polyps colonies included in this class)
What 2 specialty structures do cnidarians use to detect gravity and light? Be sure to tell me which is which.
Statocysts - gravity
Ocelli - Light
What is interesting about the common jellyfish reproduction cycle?
They go through 2 body forms throughout their reproduction cycle. They start as a medusa and sexually reproduce to create a polyp. That polyp then asexually reproduced via budding.
Mutualistic relationship; Clown fish have a mucus layer on their scales which protects them from the stinging cells on the cnidarians tentacles. They also rub up on the tentacles of the cnidarian to use their own secreted mucus for protection.
What do we call the poison filled stinging strucutre that contains a tightly coiled dart?
Cnidocyte - "stinging cell"
Nematocyst - coiled stinging structure within the cnidocyte.