Legal Liability
This type of agreement often pre-empts player tort claims in the major professional leagues.
What is a collective bargaining agreement?
The major professional sports leagues have anti-doping programs separate from this organization, which governs anti-doping in international sport.
What is WADA?
Professor Moore suggests changing to this format of hockey would help reduce injuries, and notably concussions, by reducing collisions.
What is 4-on-4?
The rise in injuries in the NHL and NBA has been partially attributed to the fact this number of regular season games is too many.
What is 82?
This legendary player retired due to knee issues, which would likely be quickly resolvable through arthroscopic surgery today
Who is Bobby Orr?
Participation in other sports or activities during this time of the year may affect a player's right to pursue worker's compensation.
What is the offseason?
This country was banned from the Olympics for its state-sponsored performance enhancing drug regime.
What is Russia?
This brain disease caused by repeated head injuries, not yet identifiable in living subjects, has been found in the brains of many deceased NFL players.
What is chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE)?
In 2013, the NHL adopted this rule to limit high speed collisions into the end board, which carried a high risk of injury.
What is hybrid icing?
Who is Andrew Luck?
Workers compensation may not be the players exclusive remedy if the team's actions are found to be of this character.
What is intentional?
An NHL player caught using performance enhancing drugs for the first time has traditionally received this length of suspension.
What is 20 games?
NFL players who are believed to have a concussion must now go to a tent of this colour to be assessed by an independent neurotrauma consultant.
What is blue?
As of 2015, the NFL was experiencing approximately this number of concussion per year, which corresponds with the age of the United States of America
What is 250?
This rookie sensation for the Philadelphia Flyers had his promising career cut short by repeated concussions
Who is Eric Lindros?
This rule prevents leagues from being held liable for injuries to spectators that arise from the inherent risks of the sport.
What is the limited liability rule?
Stephane Quintal, former NHL player, suggested that this percentage of NHL players were using stimulants- Professor Moore suggested most were doing so defensively.
What is 40%?
The physics calculations in Professor Moore's book suggest a collision in 2004 could involve this much more force than one in 1984 (in percent).
What is 300%?
In 2015, FIFA defeated a proposed class action against it which alleged that its rules with respect to this play/skill were inadequate at preventing concussions.
What is heading the ball?
This player, ironically nicknamed "The Concusser", retired due to post-concussion syndrome
Who is Scott Stevens?
This football helmet manufacturer has been the subject of numerous product liability suits across the United States.
What is Riddell?
These two players engaged in an epic battle for the 1998 home run title but were later both found to have been aided by steroids
Who are Mark McGwire and Sammy Sosa?
Concussions made up this percentage of injuries tracked in a 2005 NCAA study.
What is 18.6%?
The NHL settled concussion-related litigation for this sum of money in 2018, an amount significantly reduced by the failure to obtain class certification.
What is 19 million?
This St. Louis Blues player retired due to an eye injury, an infrequent but often very serious type of injury
Who is Al McInnis?