When and What to Do
Reasons sports massage often applied without lubricant or through clothing before or during an athletic event?
Interference with the athlete's ability to sweat (leading to possible overheating) and ensuring they maintain a proper grip on their equipment
Signs of acute inflammation
What is Swelling
Heat
A loss of function
Redness
Pain
monitor how far and how fast a muscle is being stretched to prevent tearing
what are muscle spindles
Massage stroke used to move lymph and blood through the system, this technique is essential for flushing out exercise-induced edema and reducing soreness
what is compressive effleurage
To properly facilitate the rerouting of lymph flow, this modality must always begin and end with diaphragmatic breathing.
What is manula lymphatic drainage
Typical duration for a pre-event sports massage session
What is 15 minutes or less
Replaces the outdated RICE protocol
M-C-E
Move, compress, ice
Receptor responsible for the autogenic inhibition reflex when it detects high levels of tension
What is golgi tendon organ
Pressure is applied to the muscle area (often using a closed fist technique), and then the pressure is moved out medially and laterally
What is compression broadening
This term describes an involuntary vocal or physical response from a client that is out of proportion to the amount of pressure being applied to a trigger point
What is jump sign
Primary neurological focus and goal of a pre-event sports massage
What is to stimulate muscles
Increased lactic acid production that requires an athlete to breathe heavily after exercise to "repay" the system with more O2
What is oxygen debt
General range of contraction used in PNF and MET
25-50%
Rapid, "to and fro" movement applied to tendonous attachments to encourage the functional alignment of scar tissue
What is deep transverse friction
This specific type of cupping is considered outside the scope of practice for massage therapists because it involves pricking the skin with a needle
What is wet cupping
Cool-down duration for an athlete who has just finished competing
What is 3-10 minutes
why is the application of ice no longer recommended during the immediate acute phase of an injury
What is it interrupts the inflammatory cascade
PNF technique involving a stretch/contract/stretch sequence of the targeted muscle and is functionally equivalent to Post-Isometric Relaxation (PIR)
What is contract-relax
The therapist applies sustained pressure using fingers or a hand placement (like a modified CPR position) to the affected muscles.
What is static compression
This low-load, long-duration skin stretching technique requires the therapist to maintain the stretch until a tissue barrier is noted, typically for 90 to 120 seconds
What is myofascial release
Duration for a post-event recovery massage session
What is 10-20 minutes
muscle stem cells are activated through exercise to help build and repair muscle tissue
what are satellite cells
Self-awareness of body movements and body positions
what is proprioception
involves shortening a muscle, fixing it, and then stretching it while applying pressure or a glide.
What is pin and stretch
Also known as strain-counterstrain, this therapy involves placing a target muscle into a shortened, comfortable "position of ease" to decrease pain signals
What is positional release
Recommended time window for providing a post-event recovery massage
What is 30 min to 6 hrs after the event
Located in the muscle belly, these receptors monitor how far and how fast a muscle is being stretched to prevent tearing.
What are muscle spindles
How long to hold the S & C bow
30 sec
Type of contraction performed during active assisted broadening compression
Concentric
This type of trigger point is painful at all times or elicits pain when pressed that the individual recognizes as their familiar pain.
What is active trigger point
Duration for a maintenance sports massage session
What is 30-60 minutes
Caused by a lack of ATP, glucose, or oxygen, combined with an acidic buildup of hydrogen ions that disrupts necessary chemical reactions
What is muscle fatigue
the muscle is placed into this shortened, comfortable position where pain signals decrease during positional release
What is the position of ease
Type of contraction performed when the athlete starts with the leg extended and slowly lowers it, while the therapist applies a stroke along the length of the muscle
what is eccentric contraction
Once applied to clean, dry skin, this is the typical duration that Elastic Therapeutic Tape can remain on the body.
What is 3-5 days
Time frame when pre-event massage should be performed
2 hours or less before event
cells responsible for producing collagen to strengthen and repair connective tissue, tendons, and ligaments
What are fibroblasts
neurologic principle where motor activity is inhibited in an antagonist muscle while a muscle spindle contracts the agonist
What is reciprocal inhibition
To perform this pin and stretch, the therapist shortens the muscle, pins it with an index finger, and then laterally rotates the neck to the opposite side
What is the scalenes
This modality creates a pulling force that increases interstitial spaces and decompresses activated pain receptors as the tape recoils toward its original length
What is ETT(Elastic therapeutic tape)
Pace and pressure used for pre-event compressive effleurage
What is brisk and light
Phase of inflammation that begins day 4 and may last 2-6 weeks
subacute
This technique focuses on reducing hypertonicity by unloading the muscle spindles.
What is approximation
Technique used and muscles it is applied to when the client moves close to the table edge, and the leg is dropped off the table. The knee is flexed to create length. Resistance can be provided using the therapist's own leg (hooked against the client's lower leg) or hands as the client performs knee extension (swinging the lower leg straight).
PNF to quadriceps
side effect of Instrument-Assisted Soft Tissue Mobilization (IASTM) appears as a reddish or purple rash caused by friction-induced broken capillarie
what is petechial rash
Technique that should be avoided during a post-event massage because the athlete's muscles may still spasm easily
What is tapotement
components that lactic acid dissociates into during oxygen debt
lactate and hydrogen ions
What PNF stands for
What is proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation
3 techniques applied in this order should be applied to treat a cramp
1. Static compression
2. Reciprocal inhibition
3. Compressive effleurage
In cupping therapy, this specific static technique involves leaving the cup stationary on the skin throughout the treatment
what is parking