ANATOMY LANGUAGE
Toward the midline of the body.
medial
Movement that decreases the angle of a joint.
flexion
The nutrient that serves as a major fuel source during many forms of exercise.
carbohydrates
The body's protective response to tissue injury that commonly produces pain, heat, redness, and swelling
inflammation
The ability of the heart and lungs to support prolonged physical activity.
cardiovascular endurance
Farther from the trunk or point of attachment.
distal
Moving a body part away from the body's midline.
abduction
These minerals—including sodium and potassium—help regulate fluid balance and muscle/nerve function
electrolytes
The use of cold as a therapeutic treatment.
cryotherapy
The training principle stating that the body must be challenged beyond its usual level to improve.
overload
This plane divides the body into anterior and posterior portions.
frontal/coronal
Pointing the toes downward at the ankle.
plantarflexion
A drink containing carbohydrates and electrolytes that may be useful during prolonged or intense activity.
sports drink
The body's awareness of joint position and movement.
proprioception
The training principle stating that the body adapts specifically to the demands placed upon it.
specificity
Ligaments connect these two types of structures.
bone to bone
Turning the sole of the foot inward
inversion
A distance athlete increases carbohydrate intake before a prolonged endurance event to maximize stored carbohydrate availability.
carbohydrate loading
A muscle produces force while shortening, such as the upward portion of many biceps curls.
concentric contraction
If an athlete stops training for an extended period and loses previously developed fitness, this principle is being demonstrated.
reversibility
A knee injury is described as being on the outside of the athlete's right knee. What anatomical directional term should replace “outside”?
outside
An athlete moves the arm through a large circular motion combining flexion, extension, abduction, and adduction
circumduction
An athlete intentionally drinks very little before practice because they believe being lighter will improve performance. Name one major sports-medicine concern with this strategy.
Dehydration, impaired performance, increased heat-illness risk, or another appropriate hydration-related risk.
An athlete has regained normal ROM after an ankle injury but still lacks balance and sport-specific movement ability. Why should the athlete not automatically be considered finished with rehabilitation?
Rehabilitation also requires restoration of areas such as strength, balance/proprioception, functional ability, and sport-specific skills before safe return to activity.
A volleyball player wants to improve explosive jumping ability. Which fitness component should be a major focus, and which training principle says the training should resemble the demands of jumping?
power and specificity