Injury Classification
What are the two main ways sports injuries are classified?
Direct or Indirect
Name one common soft tissue injury.
Sprain, strain, contusion, abrasion, laceration, blister
What is the medical term for a broken bone?
Fracture
What does TOTAPS stand for?
Talk, Observe, Touch, Active movement, Passive movement, Skills test
What does progressive mobilisation aim to improve?
Joint range of motion and flexibility
What type of injury is a bruise from a cricket ball?
Direct, Soft Tissue
What does RICER stand for?
Rest, Ice, Compression, Elevation, Referral
What type of fracture breaks through the skin?
Open (compound) fracture
In TOTAPS, what do you ask the athlete during the “Talk” stage?
Where it hurts, pain level, sounds (snap/crack), how it happened
Name one type of stretching used in rehabilitation.
Static, Dynamic, PNF (not ballistic)
What type of injury is a torn hamstring during sprinting?
Indirect, Soft Tissue
Which phase of the inflammatory response lasts 48–72 hours?
Acute Phase
What does DRSABCD stand for?
Danger, Response, Send for help, Airway, Breathing, CPR, Defibrillation
What do you compare during the “Observe” stage?
Injured vs uninjured limb for swelling, redness, deformity
Why is graduated exercise used in rehab?
To rebuild strength, flexibility, endurance without re-injury
What type of injury is a broken tooth?
Direct, Hard Tissue
Which cells clean up the injured site during the repair phase?
White blood cells (leukocytes)
What should you never attempt when treating a dislocation?
Relocating the bone
In which TOTAPS stage do you physically move the athlete’s joint?
Passive Movement
What does “total body fitness” mean during rehab?
Training the rest of the body while the injured area recovers
What type of injury is shin splints?
Indirect, Overuse (Soft Tissue)
Why is elevation important in RICER?
Helps fluid drain and reduces swelling using gravity
Name 3 signs of a fracture.
Pain, deformity, loss of function, redness, swelling, bone protrusion
Why must an athlete complete the skills test before returning to play?
To check if the injured area can handle sport-specific forces
Why is proper rehab important even after pain disappears?
To reduce scar tissue build-up, restore function, and prevent re-injury