Movements of the Limb
Lateral movement away from the midline of the trunk.
Abduction
A muscle primarily responsible for a specific joint movement.
Agonist
The skull, vertebral column, ribs, and sternum
Axial
Straightening a joint to increase the angle.
Fibrous tissue connecting muscle to bone
tendon
Movement medially toward the midline of the trunk.
adduction
A muscle that opposes the contraction of another muscle.
Antagonist
The upper and lower extremities plus shoulder and pelvic girdles
appendicular
Decreasing the angle at a joint.
Flexion
Backward movement of the shoulder girdle toward the spine
retraction
Flexion movement of the ankle moving the top of the foot toward the anterior tibia.
Dorsiflexion
Contraction in which the muscle shortens and moves a joint.
Concentric contraction
relating to both sides of the body
bilateral
Rotation of the hip or shoulder outward the midline.
(Pitching motion)
External rotation
Turning the sole of the foot outward/laterally.
eversion
Extension movement of the ankle moving the foot/toes away from the body.
Plantar Flexion
Contraction in which the muscle lengthens while controlling motion.
Eccentric Contraction
Relating to or extending toward the middle.
medial
Rotation of the hip or shoulder toward the midline.
(Think shoulder coming in)
Internal Rotation
Turning the sole of the foot inward/medially.
Inversion
Circular movement combining flexion, extension, abduction, and adduction.
Circumduction
Contraction with little or no shortening of the muscle; joint angle does not appreciably change.
Isometric contraction
tough connective attaching bone to bone, stabalizing joints
Ligament
Forward movement of the shoulder girdle away from the spine.
Protraction
Palm-up position of the forearm or combined inversion/adduction/internal rotation of foot.
Supination