VITAMINS
Identify the phytochemical that gives an orange color to carrots.
A. Carmine
B. Anthocyanin
C. Carotenoids (Beta-Carotene)
D. Betalain
C. Carotenoids (Beta-Carotene)
Which two main electrolytes lost in sweat must be replaced through diet on a daily basis?
SODIUM AND POTASSIUM
_____ is the most important of all the nutrients that are essential for athletes.
A. Water
B. Protein
C. Carbohydrate
D. Minerals
A. Water
What is the main goal of using ergogenic aids?
A. To increase muscle mass and body fat
B. To change an athlete’s mental state and provide motivation
C. To gain a competitive advantage over opponents
D. To increase flexibility and overall energy
C. To gain a competitive advantage over opponents
Vegetarian or Vegan athletes do not need B12 supplements, because they acquire it from their diet?
True or False
FALSE
Which of the following is a water-soluble vitamin?
A. Vitamin A
B. Vitamin D
C. Vitamin C
D. Vitamin K
C. Vitamin C
The deficiency of _____ is the most common nutrient deficiency in the world.
A. zinc
B. iron
C. selenium
D. copper
B. iron
Identify an advantage of water.
A. It contributes to maintaining a stable body temperature.
B. It is present in the body only as intracellular fluid.
C. It carries oxygen from the lungs to the cells and tissues of the body.
D. It keeps the body cool as it does not conduct heat.
A. It contributes to maintaining a stable body temperature.
Identify a true statement about dietary supplements.
A. The dietary supplement industry is not regulated.
B. A dietary supplement is not intended to be used as food.
C. The products obtained from natural sources are not considered to be dietary supplements.
D. A supplement manufacturer is required to test the product for safety and prove that it works as claimed.
B. A dietary supplement is not intended to be used as food.
Which of the following foods contains the most vitamin B12?
A. Oranges
B. Green leafy vegetables
C. Chicken
D. Kidney beans
C. Chicken
Vitamin D levels can be elevated from exposure to direct sunlight? True or False
TRUE
Which of the following minerals helps prevent dental caries?
A. Manganese
B. Fluoride
C. Copper
D. Zinc
B. Fluoride
_____ are specialized glands that help in evaporative cooling of the skin.
A. Sebaceous glands
B. Thyroid glands
C. Sweat glands
D. Endocrine glands
C. Sweat glands
What is the difference between food labels and supplement labels?
A. Food labels are prepared by manufacturers, whereas supplement labels are prepared by the FDA.
B. Food labels are regulated by the FDA, whereas supplement labels are not.
C. Supplement labels are regulated by the FDA, whereas food labels are not.
D. Supplement labels are declared mandatory by the FDA, whereas food labels are not.
B. Food labels are regulated by the FDA, whereas supplement labels are not.
What is the disease that shows signs of degeneration of the skin, teeth, gums and blood vessels due to low collagen production?
A. Diabetes
B. Vitamin C Deficiency (Scurvy)
C. Iron Deficiency
D. Vitamin D Deficiency
B. Vitamin C Deficiency (Scurvy)
Which of the following is a fat-soluble vitamin?
A. Vitamin A
B. Vitamin B6
C. Vitamin B12
D. Vitamin C
A. Vitamin A
The presence of _____ acid boosts the absorption of nonheme iron.
A. ascorbic
B. lactic
C. boric
D. perchloric
A. ascorbic
Hyponatremia is defined as:
A. low iron levels in the blood.
B. low potassium concentration in the blood.
C. low sodium concentration in the blood.
D. low zinc levels in the blood.
C. low sodium concentration in the blood.
Identify a true statement about supplement ingredients.
A. Some supplements can have ingredients that are not listed on the label.
B. Manufacturers of supplements have to prove the safety, efficacy, and accuracy of the ingredients prior to marketing.
C. Supplement labels do not have to list all active ingredients.
D. Supplement labels must list the ingredients that are banned by sports organizations.
A. Some supplements can have ingredients that are not listed on the label.
Which of the following is commonly low or deficient in females of the United States?
A. Sodium
B. Iron
C. Copper
D. Zinc
B. Iron
Vitamin A deficiency leads to _____, in which the eyes are incapable of adjusting to dim light or quickly regaining vision after exposure to a flash of bright light.
A. motion sickness
B. horror fusionis
C. night blindness
D. visual agnosia
C. night blindness
Which of the following is not considered an electrolyte?
A. Chloride
B. Potassium
C. Sodium
D. Phosphorus
D. Phosphorus
If a person’s urine is _____ in color, it indicates that the person is adequately hydrated.
A. yellow
B. pale
C. medium tan
D. burned orange
B. pale
Which of the following ergogenic aids has been shown to be effective in increasing muscle mass?
A. Creatine
B. Ginseng
C. Coenzyme Q10
D. Nicotine
A. Creatine
Alcohol and caffeine act as _____ that cause increased fluid loss in the body through increased urination.
A. additives
B. solutes
C. anesthetics
D. diuretics
D. diuretics