general vitamins
how are fat-soluble vitamins absorbed
They are absorbed with lipids
what does vitamin D promote?
bone growth and calcium absorption
what are the basic types of lipids?
steroids, triglycerides, phospholipids, eicosanoids, and ketones
what is the recommended dietary allowance (RDA) for protein for non-athetes?
0.8 g/kg/day
what are macrominerals?
minerals required in larger amounts, such as calcium and soidum
What are the two main types of vitamins?
fat-soluble and water-soluble
what is the function of vitamin E?
it acts as an antioxidant
what are the three fates of fatty acids in cells?
triglyceride synthesis, breakdown to make ATP, and ketone production
name two conditionally essential amino acids
arginine and glutamine
what is the absorption rate of non-heme iron from plant foods?
only 2-15% is absorbed.
Name the four fat-soluble vitamins.
A, D, E, and K
what is vitamin K essential for?
what is the recommended daily fat intake for non-athletes?
20-35% of daily energy intake
what is the function of phosphorus?
it is part of ATP metabolism and combines with calcium to strengthen bones and teeth
what is the function of calcium?
it is essential for bone and teeth strength, nerve transmission, and metabolism
what is the role of vitamin A?
What is the role of Thiamin(B1) in the body?
it assists with energy metabolism
what is the typical ration of omega-6 to omega-3 fatty acids in the average diet?
typically 20:1, which is considered excessive
what are antioxidants?
substances that prevent oxidation and protect cells from damage
what is the importance of maintaining electrolyte balance
electrolytes like sodium, chloride, and potassium help regulate fluid balance and membrane potentials.
what are the nine water-soluble vitamins?
B1(Thiamin), B2 (Riboflavin), B3 (Niacin), B6 (Pyridoxine), B12 (Cobalamin), Folate, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, snd Vitamin C
What is the significance of Cobalamin (B12)?
It is needed for red blood cell production
how does the body transport fatty acids for energy?
fatty acids are transported in the bloodstream bound to albumin for uptake by muscle cells.
what is the role of magnesium in the body?
it is part of ATP and helps with protein synthesis
what is the absorption rate of heme iron from meats?
15-35% is absorbed