Principles & Rules
Ultimately designed to determine the need for x-rays in acute knee trauma, helping to avoid unnecessary imaging:
What are the Ottowa Knee Rules?
A patient who tests positive in the O’brien active compression, Speed’s, and Biceps Load tests is likely suffering from this pathology:
What is a SLAP tear?
This is a small, triangular muscle located in the deep posterior knee and helps to unlock the joint by initiating flexion and internally rotating the tibia:
What is the popliteus?
A pitcher with progressive shoulder pain and reduced performance received an MRI which revealed a SLAP tear. Understanding that these are common findings in the given population and that surgical intervention yields suboptimal results, this is the preferred method if initial treatment
What is conservative/non-operative management?
This is the most common injury seen in the basketball athlete, accounting for 15-40% of all injuries in the sport:
What is an ankle sprain?
These are evidence-based tools that combine patient history, physical examination, and diagnostic tests to estimate the probability of a specific outcome or disease:
What are Clinical Prediction Rules/Guidelines?
The _________ bundle of the UCL is the most critical stabilizer of the medial elbow, resisting valgus stress, especially during overhead throwing.
What is anterior?
This muscle is broad and thin, originating at the lower eight ribs and inserts into the pelvis. Helps with ipsilateral trunk flexion and contralateral trunk rotation:
What are the external obliques?
Often seen in distance runners, this is a reversible, exercise-induced condition causing pain, swelling, and sometimes numbness in the lower leg. Differentiated from its acute counterpart which is a medical emergency.
What is chronic exertional compartment syndrome (CECS)?
Lateral epicondylitis, a chronic-overuse injury to the forearm, is one of the most common ailments seen in this sport:
What is tennis?
Structuring training into distinct phases over time to maximize performance at specific times while preventing overtraining:
What is periodization?
This injury is characterized by forced hyper extension of the great toe, most common in running backs, quarterbacks, and offensive lineman:
What is turf toe?
This group of three muscles acts as a primary force couple, assisting in efficient rotation of the scapula to elevate the arm:
What are the upper trapezius, lower trapezius, and serratus anterior?
A 19yo college gymnast presents with radial wrist pain after a competition. Initial X-rays were negative, however, pain is worsening and exacerbated with loading. This diagnosis should be reconsidered 2-3 weeks following initial injury:
What is a scaphoid fracture?
In a 90 minute match, athletes of this sport can often average a total running distance of 9 to 12km (5-8mi)
What is soccer?
The core value/principle in which a physical therapist places the patient’s needs above their own:
What is altruism?
This injury is a small, vertical avulsion fracture of the lateral tibial plateau, almost always associated with a high-degree ACL tear:
What is a Segond fracture?
Within the literature, this exercise consistently demonstrates the greatest EMG activation of the gluteus medius:
What is the side plank (bottom leg)?
A distance runner with long-standing Crohn’s disease presents with anterior thigh pain and a diagnosis FAI from her PCP. After taking a thorough history and understanding their chronic use of corticosteroids, you refer back for imaging due to concern for this pathology:
What is avascular necrosis (AVN)?
Literal translation of “round of the leg” – this is a foundational ballet technique where the working leg creates a circular path on the floor or in the air
What is rond de jambe?
Stress experienced by a joint due to the rotational force produced by muscles, tendons, and ligaments around an axis. Force * moment arm:
What is torque?
This is a rare elbow condition in children (5-10y) caused by temporary loss of blood supply to the growth plate (capitellum):
What is Panner’s disease?
Due to the distal attachment of the semimembranosus, it is often recommended to abstain from strong hamstring contractions in the initial stages following repair to this structure:
What is the medial meniscus?
A 20yo patient who is being treated s/p 1st rib resection for TOS develops significant chest pain and difficulty breathing. Session is terminated and they are referred to emergency care to be evaluated for this complication:
What is a pneumothorax?
This joint rotates at an astounding 7000-9000deg/sec during an elite pitcher’s delivery. This is almost 3x the angular velocity of a formula 1 tire at max speed
What is the shoulder?