Units 1 and 2
What is adhesion?
During this phase of the cell cycle, the cell continues to grow even after duplicating its DNA.
What is the G2 Phase?
After reproduction occurs, offspring express both parents' phenotypes. This must mean that these alleles express this type of dominance.
What is codominance?
Millipedes are tough for some birds to eat and break down, so some birds often ignore them completely. This doesn't stop these insects from hitching a ride in birds' feathers, in an example of this interspecies interaction.
What is commensalism?
A scientist is interested in comparing mean recovery times between subjects who have ingested two novel respiratory drugs. To best compare these mean recovery times, he should utilize this type of graph (with error bars, of course).
What is a bar graph?
An oligosaccharide contains a few sugar molecules linked to each other. After a hydrolysis reaction, we sever this type of bond.
What is a glycosidic linkage?
Self signaling (using peptide hormones or steroid hormones) is commonly referred to as this. Some cells can signal themselves!
What is autocrine signaling?
Regulatory elements of a gene include enhancer regions, which bind to these activator proteins during transcription.
What are transcription factors?
In cities, abiotic factors like viruses spread more rapidly than in rural areas. This makes viruses this type of factor.
What is density-dependent?
The source of electrons in photosynthesis is water. Without this protein complex, however, these electrons are trapped in their covalent bonds forever.
What is Photosystem II?
Sometimes, maintaining pH is costly. Especially in organelles like the lysosomes, keeping H+ concentration high requires this type of transport.
What is active transport?
During the process of carbon fixation, plant mass increases. RuBisCO activity increases during this stage of photosynthesis.
What is the Calvin Cycle/Dark Reactions?
High temperatures necessitate the usage of Taq polymerase, an enzyme that comes from a highly thermophilic bacteria, when scientists wish to accomplish this DNA amplification process.
What is Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)?
For a population to remain in equilibrium (never gonna happen...), this process - which permits allele exchange between populations - must never happen.
What is gene flow?
A heterozygous fly produced 62 offspring with an unknown partner. Only 31 of the offspring inherited the recessive phenotype, which leads us to believe the male fly had this genotype.
What is homozygous?
The hydrolysis of a polypeptide into amino acids would increase this variable in the solute potential formula.
What is solute concentration (c)?
Succinate dehydrogenase requires the use of this electron carrier. Without it, lower energy electrons would never leave the matrix!
What is FAD?
In prokaryotes, operons allow multiple genes to be transcribed together. This type of molecule may "team up" with a repressor to actually repress transcription. Without it, no repression occurs.
What is a corepressor?
Sharks (fish) and whales (mammals) both have evolved dorsal fins over time. These useful appendages are considered to be these types of structures.
What are analogous structures?
During a long cross country practice in Liberty State Park, you accidentally step on an earthworm. This incident is an example of this interspecies interaction.
What is amensalism?
The synthesis of estrogen, a nonpolar steroid, is likely accomplished by this organelle.
What is the Smooth ER?
These molecules are formed when cyclins interact with cyclin-dependent kinases.
What are MPFs?
Euchromatin is converted to heterochromatin when histones undergo this process, which tightly packs DNA within the nucleus.
What is methylation?
Without this ecological concept, simpler organisms might never colonize newly formed land, like that from volcanoes.
What is primary succession?
Standard error provides a different measure of statistical reliability, as it divides the standard deviation by the square root of this.
What is the sample size?