Broad & Narrow Transcription
This approach to transcription is used when you want to know how the person used their respiratory, phonatory, resonatory, and/or articulatory systems to produce speech and is a description of how the individual articulated speech sounds down to the tiniest phonetic details.
What is the speaker-oriented approach?
This refers to vowels produced with nasal resonance.
What is nasalized?
This is a consonant or vowel produced on an inward flowing airstream.
What is ingressive airflow?
This is when an articulator / articulation needed for a later sound begins to move in the direction needed for that sound; this refers to how sounds "overlap."
What is coarticulation?
This is the pattern of pitch / pitch changes that extends over a phrase unit and is also referred to as the melody of speech.
What is intonation?
This type of transcription is transcribing just the phonemes of a word.
What is systemic transcription?
This refers to consonants produced with the tongue tip/blade on the upper teeth.
What is dental?
This is a consonant (often /l/) produced with tongue touching the upper lip.
What is a linguolabial?
This is a pair of words that differ by only one sound; and is used as a test of phoneme status.
What is a minimal pair?
This is the combination of suprasegmental features of speech (intonation and stress) and changes in vowel & consonant articulation according to the context in which they are used (stressed, unstressed, duration, etc.).
What is prosody?
This approach to transcription transcribes the words the speaker produced with a focus on the meaning of the message.
What is the listener-oriented approach?
This refers to voice used when consonants or vowels are produced with audible, extra airflow through the glottis.
What is breathy voice?
This refers to sounds produced with the articulators sliding into one another, resulting in slurred speech.
What is a sliding articulation?
This is when you have just said a sound and you continue to carry over some aspect of that sound into the articulation of the next sound.
What is carryover coarticulation?
This is the perception of how "high" or "low" a voice sounds based on the rate of vocal fold vibration.
What is pitch?
This type of transcription is transcribing how the person actually articulated a word.
What is impressionistic transcription?
This refers to consonants produced using the blade of the tongue.
What is laminal?
This is a nasal consonant or vowel produced without nasal resonance.
What is denasal?
This is the most prominent part of a syllable and often a vowel.
What is the nucleus?
This is the stressed word in an utterance / intonation pattern.
What is a pitch accent?
This representation consists of the symbols used for consonants and vowels, as well as the symbols specifying various ways to articulate consonants and vowels.
What is segmental representation?
This refers to consonants produced with lip rounding.
What is labialized?
This is a consonant produced with center of tongue near hard palate.
What is palatalized?
This part of the syllable consists of all the segments in the nucleus and/or coda.
What is a rime / rhyme?
This is a falling intonation pattern and is used to signal that the speaker has finished saying a sentence.
What is declination?