Broad & Narrow Transcription
This approach to transcription is used when you want to know how the person used their respiratory, phonatory, resonatory, and/or articulatory systems to produce speech and is a description of how the individual articulated speech sounds down to the tiniest phonetic details.
What is the speaker-oriented approach?
This refers to consonants produced with nasal resonance.
What is nasalized?
This refers to vowels produced with low pitched, irregular vocal fold vibration.
What is creaky voice?
This is the inherent stress pattern of a word.
What is lexical stress?
This is the pattern of pitch / pitch changes that extends over a phrase unit and is also referred to as the melody of speech.
What is intonation?
This type of transcription is transcribing just the phonemes of a word.
What is systemic transcription?
This refers to consonants produced with the tongue tip/blade on the upper teeth.
What is dental?
This refers to vowels produced with the tongue higher than typical on a vertical plane.
What is raised?
This is vocal patterns of emphasis in connected speech.
What is sentential stress?
This is the combination of suprasegmental features of speech (intonation and stress) and changes in vowel & consonant articulation according to the context in which they are used (stressed, unstressed, duration, etc.).
What is prosody?
This approach to transcription transcribes the words the speaker produced with a focus on the meaning of the message.
What is the listener-oriented approach?
This refers to consonants produced with audible, extra airflow through the glottis.
What is breathy voice?
This refers to vowels produced without or with less lip rounding.
What is less rounded?
This is when a change in a word's stress pattern results in a change in meaning / part of speech.
What is grammatical stress?
This is the perception of how "high" or "low" a voice sounds based on the rate of vocal fold vibration.
What is pitch?
This type of transcription is transcribing how the person actually articulated a word.
What is impressionistic transcription?
This refers to consonants produced using the blade of the tongue.
What is laminal?
This refers to vowels produced with audible, extra airflow through the glottis.
What is breathy voice?
This is the degree of emphasis a speaker places on a sound, syllable, or word depending on what the speaker wants to convey as being most important in a sentence.
What is contrastive stress?
This is the stressed word in an utterance / intonation pattern.
What is a pitch accent?
This representation consists of the symbols used for consonants and vowels, as well as the symbols specifying various ways to articulate consonants and vowels.
What is segmental representation?
This refers to consonants produced with lip rounding.
What is labialized?
This refers to vowels produced with /ɹ/ coloring.
What is rhoticity?
This is the pattern of stress in an utterance, which varies by language.
What is rhythm?
This is a falling intonation pattern and is used to signal that the speaker has finished saying a sentence.
What is declination?