Fluency
What is a dysfluency?
An interruption in the forward flow of speech.
Name three professions that rely on their voice.
singers, teachers, actors, speech pathologists
What happens during a total Laryngectomy?
The larynx is removed, the trachea is brought to the front of the neck, and the pharyngeal defect is closed.
What is apraxia of speech?
The incorrect signal is being sent to speech muscles (the muscles are working normally)
Disorder of voluntary motor planning
Impacts ability to program, organize, plan, and execute movements of speech muscles for volitional speech
Is there a known cause to stuttering, and if so what is it?
no
what is the word used to describe "no voice"
aphonia
List 3 parts that are removed during a Total Laryngectomy.
1. hyoid bone
2. cricoid cartilage
3. thyroid cartilage
4. epiglottis
5. vocal cords
6. vocal folds
7. arytenoid cartilage
What is dysarthria?
A group of speech disorders caused by paralysis, weakness, or incoordination often speech muscles
slurring of speech, muscle weakness
correct signal is being sent to speech muscles
What is the ration of males to females who stutter?
4:1
What is the biological function of the larynx?
airway protection
Can a total Laryngectomy aspirate, why?
No, because the nose and mouth are not connected to the lung.
What does S.L.O.P.S. stand for AND what is it used to treat?
S - Slow
L - Loud
O - Open (overexaggerate)
P - Pause
S - Swallow (saliva if needed)
used to treat dysarthria
Fill in the blank.
Indirect therapy is usually for children who ________.
are just beginning to stutter or their stuttering is mild.
Name the three things that the voice needs to produce sound
1. respiration
2. larnyx & laryngeal muscles
3. cranial nerve (vagus nerve (X))
What are the 3 methods of speech therapy after a total Laryngectomy?
1. Esophageal speech (ES)
2. Speech with an Electolarynx (Elx)
3. Speech with a Tracheoesophageal Puncture (TEP)
What does M.I.T. stand for AND what is it used to treat?
M - Melodic
I - Intonation
T - Therapy
used to treat apraxia
Name 2 secondary behaviors of stuttering.
blinking of eyes, facial tension, facial grimacing, exaggerated movements, shaky voice
What are the 4 terms used to describe voice? AND give examples of each.
Quality - normal, hoarse, breathy
Pitch - men average 130 Hz, women average 250 Hz, and infants average 400 Hz
Intensity - loudness
Resonance - (nasality) hyper or hypo
What are HMEs? AND what is their function for total Laryngectomy.
heat and moisture exchange; restores function of the nose
What are N.M.E.S.
Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation
Name 3 types of disfluencies and label if they are more typical or more atypical.
interjections - typical
single word repetitions - typical
revisions -typical
hesitations - typical
blocks - atypical
partial word repetitions - atypical
sound prolongations - atypical
List 3 examples of vocal misuse or abuse.
1. excessive shouting
2. excessive coughing and throat clearing
3. hard glottal attack
Name 3 signs of Parkinson's Disease
1. reduced loudness
2. hoarse voice quality
3. monotone
4. imprecise articulation
5. vocal tremor
Name 2 different types of instruments to view the larynx. AND who are they done by?
1. Endoscopy
2. Stroboscopy
Done by ENT or SLP
Name 5 types of dysarthria.
1. Flaccid
2. Spastic
3. Ataxic
4. Hypokinetic
5. Hyperkinetic