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100
Some mammals do not have enamel on their teeth, but they have copies of a gene that helps regulate enamel formation. The gene is mutated so that enamel is not produced.
Which of the following BEST explains why these mammals have copies of a gene that codes for enamel?
A. These mammals are going to evolve to have extra copies of the gene in the future.
B. These mammals might need to repair the gene and produce enamel if their current diet changes.
C. These mammals would be in danger of becoming extinct without high gene diversity in their populations.
D. These mammals are descended from mammals with enamel on their teeth and functional copies of the gene.
D. These mammals are descended from mammals with enamel on their teeth and functional copies of the gene.
100
Although each of the following has a better chance of influencing gene frequencies in small populations than in large populations, which one most consistently requires a small population as a precondition for its occurrence?
A. mutation
B. genetic drift
C. gene flow
D. non-random mating
B. genetic drift
100
Which statement is NOT part of the concept of natural selection?
A. Individuals that possess the most favorable variations will have the best chance of reproducing.
B. Individuals that possess the most favorable variations will have the best chance of reproducing.
C. More individuals are produced than will survive.
D. Genes of an individual adapt to a changing environment.
D. Genes of an individual adapt to a changing environment.
100
Which statement best describes the relationship between biodiversity and environmental conditions in an ecosystem?
A. The biodiversity of an ecosystem is independent of its environmental conditions.
B. Environmental conditions of an ecosystem have no impact on its potential for biodiversity.
C. The biodiversity of an ecosystem is dependent on environmental conditions.
D. Environmental conditions and diversity of an ecosystem are unrelated.
C. The biodiversity of an ecosystem is dependent on environmental conditions.
100
Bacteria living in the digestive system of cows would be an example of which type of symbiosis?
A. mutualism
B. commensalism
C. parasitism
A. mutualism
200
According to the data, the unknown bacterial species is most closely related to --
Species IV
200
What type of evolution is C showing?
coevolution
200
A virus attacks a plant. Some leaves begin to turn brown. The plant produces substances that attack the virus and destroy it. A few leaves drop off, but no more turn brown. Soon the plant is healthy again. What human body system helps humans fight off viruses in a similar way?
Immune system
200
In alveoli, tiny air sacs in the lungs, oxygen is absorbed and then transported throughout the body. The interaction in this example indicates the interdependence of which systems?
respiratory & circulatory
200
A bird making a nest in a tree would be an example of which type of symbiosis?
Commensalism
300
Students observe the image below that shows five different organisms in their embryotic stage of development.
What is the BEST conclusion that the students could make based on their observations?
These organisms share a common ancestor.
300
The circled area in the diagram represents bird species that belong to the same genus, a classification group that includes closely related species. These birds are native to the Hawaiian Islands.
What 2 processes are directly responsible for the presence of different species of birds shown in the diagram?
mutation & natural selection
300
The green frog (Lithobates camitans clamitans) is found in many parts of the United States. The table contains some information about this frog.
Why does the ability to lay 1,000 to 5,000 eggs increase the fitness of the species L. clamitans clamitans?
It increases the probability that some offspring will survive long enough to reproduce.
300
Xylem cells link together to form plant tissue. This type of tissue has more than one function. One of its functions is to transport water and minerals from roots to leaves. The other function is similar to which of the following human systems?
Skeletal
300
Pronghorn antelope are herbivores that live in an area that includes much of the western United States. Wild horses and domestic sheep that also live in the area eat the same types of grasses as the pronghorn antelope. Coyotes and bobcats in the area prey on the antelope.
Which of the following would most likely increase the carrying capacity for the pronghorn antelope?
A. a ban on hunting bobcats in the area
B. a viral disease that decreases the population size of the wild horses in the area
C. a new law that allows more sheep to be raised in the area
D. a dry winter that decreases the number of plants that grow in the area
B. a viral disease that decreases the population size of the wild horses in the area
400
Scientists discovered fossils of different organisms in some layers of rock. Organism 5 was discovered in the uppermost layer. The scientists wanted to determine if Organism 5 was related to other organisms found in the older layers of rock. They compared physical traits and DNA similarities from all the fossils. Some of their results are shown in the table below.
Use the information provided to complete the sentence below.
Organism _____ is most likely an ancestor of Organism 5.
4
400
Looking through the fossil record, there are times when numerous fossils look to just appear all at the same time, with similar characteristics. What is a good explanation for this? (Hint: Tell me about the environment)
A change in the environment caused different genetic traits to allow for a greater chance of survival.
400
Rennin is an enzyme that catalyzes a reaction that solidifies milk. Rennin was added to three different test tubes with milk. Each test tube was placed in a water bath for ten minutes. The data collected during the experiment are shown.
Which statement best explains the result of test tube 3?
The enzyme was denatured
400
There are two main types of vascular tissue in plants. One type of tissue is called the __1__. It helps transport water and minerals from the roots to the leaves. The second type of vascular tissue in plants is the __2__. It helps transport nutrients, such as glucose, throughout the plant.
1. xylem
2. phloem
400
The following flowchart explains the process of nitrogen fertilizer runoff.
What can you infer about its effect on the stability of an ecosystem?
the oxygen level will decrease and the fish will die
500
Scientists compared fossil remains of a species that lived 5,000 years ago with members of the same species living today. Scientists concluded that this species had changed very little over the entire period.
What can you infer about the environment and the presence of new traits?
The environment did not change significantly and those offspring expressing new characteristics did not survive.
500
A virus killed most of the blue-footed ducks in Japan reducing the population from 9,000 to 900. In an effort to help preserve the species, 50 blue-footed ducks were trapped and used to start a new population in England. Eventually the two blue-footed duck populations could no longer successfully interbreed. This event would best be described as -
speciation
500
A tree's trunk performs functions similar to those carried out by which pair of human body systems?
skeletal and circulatory
500
A student drew a model to represent the carbon cycle, as shown. The arrows represent four processes in the carbon cycle.
Select TWO changes the student could make to improve the model.
1. Draw an arrow from the fossil fuels pointing to the factory, since fossil fuels provide energy to the factory.
2. Draw arrows from the forest and animals pointing to the decomposers, since decomposers break down dead organisms.
500
As an ant population moves across the forest floor, flying insects move away. Some birds follow the ants, catching and eating the flying insects. Which type of symbiosis explains the relationship between the birds and the ants?
Commensalism