Classification (Taxonomy)
What do all living things have in common? (#1)
DNA
What is evolution? (#14)
Change in allele frequencies in a population over time
What is the smallest unit of life?
Cell
Are viruses living? Why or why not? (#41-42)
Viruses are NOT living because they require a host to reproduce. ANTIBIOTICS DO NOT WORK ON VIRUSES!!!!
What is the difference between prokaryotes and eukaryotes? (#4)
Prokaryote = no nucleus, smaller
Eukaryote = nucleus, larger
On a cladogram, two species are more closely related if they share a more _______________ (recent / distant) common ancestor. (#27-30)
More recent common ancestor, closer together on the cladogram
List the levels of organization in order from cell to organism (#34)
cell--> tissue--> organ--> organ system--> organism
What types of organisms can cause disease? (#43)
Bacteria, fungi, parasitic worms
What is binomial nomenclature, and why do we use it? (#9-10)
System of naming organisms, to prevent confusion
What is natural selection? (#22-24)
Organisms that are more "fit" are able to survive and reproduce, which leads to a change in allele frequency for the population over time
List the levels of organization in order from organism to biosphere (#34)
organism--> population--> community --> ecosystem--> biome--> biosphere
What body systems work together to remove waste products from the body? (#38)
Digestive (feces), Excretory (urine), Endocrine (sweat)
What are the taxonomic levels of classification? Which taxa are more specific vs more broad? (#12)
Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species
Domain = most broad
Species = most specific
Why is genetic variation important? (#25)
If there is a change in the environment, some will still be able to survive and reproduce
Which levels are more simple? Which levels are more complex? (#35)
Cell = most simple
Biosphere = most complex
What body systems respond to stimuli? (#40)
Nervous, endocrine, integumentary
Describe the endosymbiotic theory (#7-8)
Mitochondria and chloroplast used to be free-living prokaryotes that got engulfed to form eukaryotes. Evidence: mitochondria and chloroplast have bacteria-like DNA
Describe the evidences of common ancestry (biogeography, fossils, anatomy, DNA, embryos) (#15-20)
Biogeography: distribution patterns show changes over time
Fossils: transitional fossils show changes over time
Anatomy: homologous structures show similarities
DNA: similar sequences
Embryos: similar stages of development
What is cell differentiation / cell specialization? (#33)
Cells turn on/off certain genes to become specialized with certain structure/function
What body systems help maintain body temperature? (#37)
Excretory/endocrine: sweat removes heat as it evaporates
Muscular: shiver when cold
Circulatory: blood vessels get wider or narrower