Heredity
Green seed color in peas is dominant to red. Mendel experimented where green seeds were crossed among themselves and produced the following: 302 green and 98 red. What would be the most probable genotype of each parent?
Both heterozygous (Gg x Gg)
What is the main thing that happens during interphase?
DNA Replication
What is the codon that starts transcription?
AUG
Which type of RNA contains codons?
mRNA
What are the 3 parts of the central dogma?
DNA --> RNA (mRNA) --> Protein
Mendel crossed yellow and green seed plants and allowed their offspring the F1 generation self pollinate. The results were: 6,022 yellow and 2,001 green. What could be said about the relationship between the green and yellow seeds?
green is recessive allele OR yellow is the dominant allele
What phase of mitosis do chromosomes become chromatids?
anaphase
In what phase of meiosis does crossing over occur?
prophase I
What is the anticodon?
what is attached to the tRNA and is complimentary to the corresponding codon in mRNA
DNA is said to have a new strand and an old strand together. What is this called?
semi-conservative
At first glance, you notice that a pedigree has at least 1 person affected in each generation with an equal amount of females and males being affected. Upon a closer look, you see that two unaffected parents have a child that is affected. What type of inheritance is this?
autosomal recessive
A diploid cell with 5 chromosome pairs has how many sister chromatids in prophase of mitosis?
20 (2n=10) sister chromatids make up a chromosome
What are the inputs and outputs of transcription and translation?
transcription: DNA --> mRNA
translation: mRNA --> protein
The inability of organisms to evolve anything that could be an advantage reflects which of the following:
A) the limits of choices of genes within a species
B) the inability to compromise
C) the consequences of mixing
D) the consequences of random mutations
A because if there is no diversity in genes, then they will not evolve
What is the role of DNA ligase in DNA replication?
it connects/joins Okazaki fragments together
How many unique gametes could be produced by the genotype AaBbCCDdEE?
What is the major difference between meiosis II and mitosis?
mitosis happens in a diploid cell where as meiosis II is a haploid cell
Which of the following descriptions shows phenotype variation caused by the environment?
a. inheritance of body builder physique
b. average beak depth during drought
c. variation in horse coat color
d. diet of caterpillars changes their form and function
D.
What happens during transcription?
DNA is used to create an mRNA
What are 2 main differences between the leading and lagging strands during DNA replication?
leading: goes towards replication fork and synthesized continuously
lagging: goes away from replication fork and synthesized discontinuously
What are the expected ratios for a monohybrid and dihybrid cross?
monohybrid: 3:1
dihybrid: 9:3:3:1
During telophase I, what type of cell is present and what type of chromosomes are present?
Muscular dystrophy is a human disorder that only affects boys and they are always born to phenotypically normal parents. What type of inheritance pattern is this disorder? Make sure to include if its dominant or recessive.
x-linked recessive
Which type of RNA is used/needed during translation?
mRNA, tRNA and rRNA
Guanine makes up 42%. What is the percentage of thymine?
G+C = 84
100-84= 16
16/2 = 8%