Body Systems
Define homeostasis.
to maintain balance in the body / regulation (#19)
How do DNA sequences (genetic information) show common ancestry?
Similarities across DNA sequences indicate that different species must have come from a common ancestor with a similar DNA sequence (#8)
How many compressions do you perform in each round of CPR?
30 (#67)
Define and list some examples of biotic and abiotic factors in an ecosystem.
- Biotic (living things) - Animals, plants, fish
- Abiotic (non-living things) - Water, sunlight, soil, rocks
(#46)
What is the difference between the roots, stems, and leaves?
-Roots: absorb water
-Stems: transport materials
-Leaves: perform photosynthesis (#30)
How do the digestive and immune systems work together?
Digestive system breaks down pathogens identified by the immune system (#22)
What do homologous structures show about common ancestry?
show how organisms have similar bone structure, which indicates that those organisms must have come from a common ancestor with a similar bone structure (#5)
List the steps of CPR in order.
Check the scene for safety, check for responsiveness / pulse, call 911, 30 compressions, open airway, 2 rescue breaths, continue cycles until help arrives (#66)
What is the difference between a producer, primary consumer, secondary consumer, and tertiary consumer?
-Producer: autotroph, makes food through photosynthesis
-Primary Consumer: herbivore, consume producers
-Secondary Consumer: omnivore/carnivore, consume primary consumers
-Tertiary Consumer: omnivore/carnivore, consume secondary consumers (#41-44)
Define at least 3 plant tropisms.
-Phototropism: response to light
-Thigmotropism: response to touch
-Gravitropism: response to gravity
-Hydrotropism: response to water
(#31-33)
List the levels of organization from cell to biosphere.
cell --> tissue--> organ--> organ systems--> organism--> population--> community--> ecosystem--> biome--> biosphere (#17-18)
What are vestigial structures?
structures inherited from a common ancestor, but have lost their size / function (#6)
List at least 3 applications/examples of biotechnology tools.
-Medicine (vaccines, medication, genetic diseases)
-Agriculture (drought-resistant, pest-resistant)
-Environment (pollution-absorbing plants)
-Food (improved taste, shelf life, nutrition)
-Crime solving (DNA testing for suspects) (#69)
What is the 10% Rule in ecology?
In general, only about 10% of energy is transferred between trophic levels.
Energy is measured in biomass, so as you move up trophic levels, available biomass decreases. (#54)
How do xylem and phloem help maintain homeostasis in plants?
transporting materials to meet plants’ energy needs (#27)
What are at least 3 systems that work together to remove waste products from the body?
-Respiratory (remove carbon dioxide)
-Excretory (remove solid/liquid waste)
-Digestive (remove solid waste)
-Integumentary (remove sweat waste)
(#24)
What do fossils show us about common ancestry?
Fossils show remains of ancestors of modern-day organisms that are highly similar in bone structure, indicating that organisms evolved from a common ancestor over a long period of time (#7)
List at least 1 advantage and 1 disadvantage of biotechnology tools.
Advantages: improve medicine, stronger crops, reduce pollution, crime scene testing;
Disadvantages: ethical concerns, environmental risks, cost, potential dangerous misuse (#70)
What do the arrows represent in a food web?
The direction of energy flow, from the organism being eaten to the organism doing the eating
(#45b)
What do stomata do in plants?
gas exchange (let carbon dioxide in, let oxygen out) (#28)
What are at least 3 systems that work together to respond to stimuli in the environment?
-Nervous (send electrical signals)
-Endocrine (send chemical signals)
-Integumentary (skin receptors)
-Muscular / Skeletal (muscles react)
(#25)
Which species are more closely related based on the cladogram above: A and C, or D and E?
Organisms D and E are more closely related because they share the most derived characteristics with each other and the most recent common ancestor. (#10-11)
What is CRISPR and how does it work?
tool used to edit genes; guide RNA directs the protein to a specific sequence to cut the DNA, then remove, add, or change sequences (#68)
How does the flow of matter compare to the flow of energy in an ecosystem? Which one(s) can or cannot be recycled through an ecosystem?
Matter can be recycled/reused, energy can NOT be recycled/reused (#53)
How are plant and animal systems similar? List at least 3 systems that have similar structures/functions in plants and animals.
Respiratory, Circulatory, Integumentary, Reproductive (#34)