Earth Structure & Plates
What is the name of the thin outer layer of the Earth where we live?
Crust
Which plate boundary is where plates move apart?
Divergent
What do we call molten rock beneath the Earth’s surface?
Magma
What word means the number of people living in an area?
Population
What word means the growth of people living in cities
Urbanisation
Which layer of the Earth is made of liquid iron and nickel?
Outer core
Which boundary causes earthquakes but no volcanoes?
Conservative (transform)
Name one danger caused by a volcano.
Lava / ash / toxic gases / mudflows
by a volcano.What is the birth rate measured per how many people?
Per 1,000 people
Give one push factor that causes people to leave rural areas.
Drought / floods / conflict / unemployment
What causes tectonic plates to move?
Convection currents in the mantle
Which boundary can create mountains like the Himalayas?
Convergent (collision)
What scale is used to measure earthquake magnitude?
Richter Scale
What is population growth rate calculated by?
Birth rate − death rate
Give one problem caused by rapid urbanisation in LICs
Slums / overcrowding / pollution / crime / poor sanitation
Describe what happens in a convection current.
Hot magma rises, cool magma sinks, creating circular movement that pushes plates
Explain what happens at a convergent plate boundary.
Plates move together, one may subduct, causing earthquakes and volcanoes
Explain how an earthquake happens.
Plates get stuck, pressure builds, plates jolt, seismic waves are released
Give two causes of rapid population growth.
Better healthcare, clean water, vaccinations, improved food production
Explain one difference between HIC and LIC urbanisation.
HICs: slow and planned / LICs: rapid and unplanned
Name all four layers of the Earth and describe one.
Crust, mantle, outer core, inner core (with description)
Compare two different plate boundaries.
Any correct comparison (e.g. divergent vs convergent)
Describe two dangers caused by earthquakes or volcanoes.
Any two valid dangers (e.g. liquefaction + landslides)
Explain two problems caused by rapid population growth.
Poverty, food shortages, pressure on resources, environmental damage
Explain why educating women helps reduce population growth.
Education empowers women to choose family size, lowering birth rates