Biology/Biochem
The structural and enzymatic RNA found in ribosomes that takes part in translation.
A reaction that will proceed or occur on its own without additional energy input from its surroundings.
Spontaneous Reaction
Molecules that have the same molecular formulas but different connectivity; also called structural isomers.
Constitutional Isomers
A scalar quantity defined as mass per unit volume.
Density
A portion of the cerebral cortex that controls visual processing.
Occipital Lobe
Chromosomes in a diploid cell that contain alleles for the same traits at corresponding loci.
Homologous Chromosomes
The reactant in a chemical equation that, given nonstoichiometric amounts, determines the amount of product that can form; the reactant that runs out first.
Limiting Reagent
Stereoisomers that are not mirror images of each other. They differ in their configurations at at least one chiral center and share the same configuration at at least one chiral center.
Diastereomers
A law that states if no net force acts on an object, its velocity is constant.
Newton's First Law
Disorders that involve a perceived separation from identity or the environment.
Dissociative Disorders
An important metabolic intermediate that links glycolysis and beta-oxidation to the citric acid cycle; can also be converted into ketone bodies.
Acetyl-CoA
A ratio (calculated as a percentage) of the actual mass of product yielded to the theoretical yield of product mass.
Percent Yield
A compound that has a carbonyl as a terminal group.
Aldehyde
Form of heat transfer where the energy is carried by electromagnetic waves; the only form of heat transfer that can be carried out in a vacuum.
Radiation
A portion of the embryonic forebrain that becomes the thalamus, hypothalamus, posterior pituitary gland, and pineal gland.
Diencephalon
Mutation in which a number of nucleotides are either deleted or inserted, which causes a disturbance in the DNA reading frame. This mutation often results in the translation of nonfunctional proteins.
Frameshift Mutation
The amount of energy required to remove an electron from orbit about a gaseous atom into free space. Increases from left to right and from bottom to top on the Periodic Table.
Ionization Energy
Energy created in a cyclic molecule that determines whether a ring is stable enough to stay intact
Ring Strain
Ratio of the speed of light in a vacuum to the speed of light through a medium, given by n = c/v
Index of Refraction
Stages 1 through 4 of sleep; contains ever-slowing brain waves as one gets deeper into sleep.
Non-Rapid Eye Movement (NREM) Sleep
A decrease in enzyme activity that results from the interaction of an inhibitor with an allosteric site. This type of inhibition can not be overcome by addition of substrate.
Noncompetitive inhibition
A principle that states when a system in equilibrium is placed under one of several stressors, it will react in order to regain equilibrium.
Le Chatelier's Principle
A technique that measures molecular vibrations at different frequencies, from which specific bonds can be determined; functional groups can be inferred based on this information.
Infrared (IR) Spectroscopy
A principle that states a body that is fully or partially immersed in a liquid will be buoyed upwards by a force that is equal to the weight of the liquid displaced by the body: Fb = pVg
Archimedes' Principle
Disorders that involve patterns of behavior that are inflexible and maladaptive, causing distress or impaired function in at least two of the following: cognition, emotion, interpersonal functioning, or impulse control.
Personality Disorders