Congress
This committee structures the terms of debate on the House floor.
What is the Rules Committee?
This person is the tie-breaking vote in the Senate.
Who is the vice president?
The defense industry, Congress, and the Department of Defense form an example of this "shapely" relationship.
What is an iron triangle?
This power was asserted by Chief Justice John Marshall in the case of Marbury v. Madison (1803).
What is "judicial review"?
Congress conducting a review of the EPA after the Flint water crisis in Michigan is an example of this type of oversight style.
What is fire alarm oversight?
A representative from a farming district who personally favors stronger environmental regulations, but votes against them because most of her constituents oppose the policy is an example of this type of representation.
What is delegate representation?
This is a tool presidents can use to explain how the president interprets the law and can direct the bureaucracy on execution.
What is a signing statement?
Bureaucratic drift is an example of this type of collective action problem.
What is a principal-agent problem?
The cases of McCulloch v Maryland (1819) and Gibbons v Ogden (1824) are significant to the judical branch because they helped establish this principle.
What is the supremacy of federal courts/federal law?
It takes this many justices to decide to hear a case before the Supreme Court, but this many to decide the outcome of a case.
What is 1) four to hear and 2) five to form the majority opinion?
These are two main differences between the functioning of the House and the Senate.
What is 1) legislation often needs a supermajority to pass in the Senate 2) party leadership is more powerful in the House (e.g the Speaker/Rules committee set the rules of debate)? (Other responses accepted)
This clause in the US Constitution is what presidents often rely on when exercising their informal powers.
What is the "take care" clause?
This is the term for when bureaucrats are beholden to the interests they are trying to regulate.
What is bureaucratic capture?
A Supreme Court justice who decides a case about protest on college campuses based on the text of the 1st Amendment is most likely following this model of judicial decision making.
This informal theory critiques the unrealistic belief that presidents can overcome all political obstacles through determination alone, ignoring institutional constraints.
What is the Green Lantern Theory of the Presidency?
This is the primary function of the conference committee.
What is to reconcile the versions of a bill that pass the two chambers of Congress?
Presidents increasingly enter into executive agreements for this reason.
What is to avoid the treaty process which needs 2/3 of the Senate to ratify?
This act of Congress ended the spoils system and established the civil service as we know it today.
These are the three models of judicial decision making.
What are 1. the legal model 2. the attitudinal 3. the strategic model?
This is one situation in which the Supreme Court is more likely to agree to hear a case.
What is if the case involves two or more courts (esp. federal courts) deciding the same issue differently?
This is the formal term for voting to end a filibuster in the Senate.
What is invoking cloture?
When presidents "go public" it is often used for these reasons.
What are 1. to mobilize voters and 2. put pressure on Congress?
According to lecture, these are three principal motivations of bureaucrats.
What are 1. autonomy 2. resources 3. bring about policy change?
This is one of the reasons why the judicial appointment process is considered to be political.
What is judicial appointments are a way for presidents to leave a legacy (also acceptable = more contentious, more ideological etc.)?
If rank and file members want to release a bill from committee and consider a piece of legislation on the House floor, they may try to rally enough support to file this.
What is a discharge petition?