To the Rescue!
Albuterol primarily targets this type of adrenergic receptor in the lungs to produce bronchodilation.
What are beta2-adrenergic receptors?
This is the prototype anticholinergic bronchodilator commonly used for long-term management of asthma and chronic bronchitis.
What is ipratropium (Atrovent)?
This drug is the prototype xanthine used for chronic asthma and COPD, but it is not recommended for acute asthma attacks.
What is theophylline?
This class of drugs is the most consistently effective long-term control treatment for asthma.
What are inhaled corticosteroids? (beclomethasone)
This leukotriene modifier is the prototype drug used to prevent bronchoconstriction and inflammation in asthma.
What is montelukast (Singulair)?
Administering bronchodilators this way provides localized therapeutic effects and fewer systemic side effects.
What is inhalation (via MDI or nebulizer)?
MDI refers to metered dose inhaler
Anticholinergic bronchodilators are not effective for this type of asthma symptom when used alone.
What is acute bronchospasm? Ex: an acute asthma attack
Patients with these conditions often need smaller doses of theophylline because metabolism is impaired.
What are liver disease, congestive heart failure, COPD, or acute viral infections?
GINA guidelines recommend pairing an inhaled corticosteroid with this type of medication for rescue use.
What is a short-acting beta2-agonist (SABA)? Ex: Albuterol
Montelukast is not effective for this type of asthma episode and should not be used as a rescue medication.
What is an acute asthma attack?
The most common side effect of albuterol is this involuntary shaking of the muscles.
What is muscle tremor?
Anticholinergic bronchodilators are also used to treat this nasal condition associated with allergies and the common cold.
What is rhinorrhea?
A serum theophylline level above this value (in mcg/mL) is often associated with serious adverse effects, including ventricular dysrhythmias and convulsions.
What is 20 mcg/mL?
In chronic asthma treatment, patients typically take inhaled corticosteroids according to this schedule.
What is daily? (these medications should be take every single day no matter how the patient is feeling; ARE NOT TAKEN PRN)
Common side effects of montelukast include headache, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, hyperkinesia, and this type of hyperactivity.
What is psychomotor hyperactivity?
Albuterol is also used for the short-term management of asthma triggered by this type of physical activity.
What is exercise-induced asthma?
This is the most common type of local effect patients may experience when using inhaled ipratropium.
What is cough?
These serious signs of theophylline toxicity may be the first indication that serum drug levels are dangerously high.
What are ventricular dysrhythmias or convulsions?
This oral fungal infection—also known as thrush—is a frequent complication of inhaled corticosteroids.
What is oral candidiasis?
Patients should be instructed to rinse their mouth out with water after administration
This symptom reduction, particularly at night, is one of the clinical benefits observed with montelukast therapy
What is decreased nighttime asthma symptoms?
Albuterol is classified as this type of adrenergic drug that should be given to patients PRN during episodes rather than scheduled everyday.
What is a SABA? (Short-Acting Beta2-Agonists)
Caution is recommended when using ipratropium in patients with this type of eye condition that involves increased intraocular pressure.
What is narrow-angle glaucoma?
One chronic disorder commonly treated with theophylline is this disease, which includes emphysema and chronic bronchitis.
What is chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)?
Using this inhaler attachment decreases the amount of corticosteroid deposited in the mouth and can lessen the risk of thrush.
What is a spacer?
In comparison to inhaled corticosteroids, leukotriene modifiers are generally considered less effective at achieving consistent asthma control.
What is true?