Huh?
What is a fjord?
A narrow inlet in the ocean or sea
Charles Martel is also called:
Charles the Hammer
Vikings were raiders because they attacked where?
Attacked villages and churches
Took grain, animals, and other valuables
Burned everything they could not steal
Why were the vikings settlers and explorers?
sailed the Atlantic
Settled Greenland and Iceland
Landed in North America
Founded Normandy
Settled in Russia and France
How was economy affected by the plague?
Economy: Trade declines, wages rose, less demand for food, prices fell, peasants paid rent, serfs gained rights, weakened feudalism
What is a Missionary
Missionaries are sent to teach about their religion. They are monks.
Name 2 areas of a castle
Castle Parts: Servants’ Quarters, Chapel, Great Hall, Dungeon, School, Drawbridge, Store room, bedroom
What is theology?
study of religion and God
Describe the Cistercerian order?
founded by unhappy monks who wanted a simpler and more spiritual way of life
Magna Carta- what is it?
document, called Great Charter, limited king’s power,
The only ones considered citizens
Males
Charlamagne wanted to improve learning how?
Wanted everyone to be educated
Created school for the kids’ of government officials
They studied literature, latin, religion, music, math
2 Cathedral styles
Romanesque and Gothic
Farming improvements: name 2
heavy wheeled plow, horse collar, water and wind power, crop rotation
Hostility towards jewish people:
anti semiticism
William Duke of Normandy was also called:
William the Conquerer
Describe the plague
Plague - disease that quickly spreads and kills large amounts.
Black Death: spread by bacteria from rats in Asia
Why are Medieval towns unhealthy?
Medieval towns unhealthy: wood and coal fires in homes and shops caused ashes and smoke, sewers were open
Catholic worship service called a:
mass
Feudalism made it safer by:
Feudalism: made Europe safer, repaired roads, arrested bandits, enforced the law
What does a trial jury do?
Grand jury decides if someone was accused of a crime, but a trial jury decides if they were innocent or guilty
What is the hierarchy of feudalism?
The hierarchy of feudalism:
Kings and Queens- highest rank
Lords and Ladies- vassals serve them
Knights- follow a code of chivalry
Peasants and Serfs- lowest rank
Each region in Europe had its’ own local language called the
vernacular
2 Things about Joan of Arc
helped defeat English, freed the city, accused of being a witch, burned, helped Charles become King, became French National hero, and Catholic Saint
The Christians drove out the Muslims in a struggle called the
Reconquista