Random
What is a primary source?
The REAL ORIGINAL thing. Ex: Diaries, newspaper articles, autobiographies, etc.
Who were the plebeians?
The plebeians were the working class citizens of Ancient Rome (farmers, soldiers, merchants, etc.).
They made up most of the population.
They fought hard to gain more rights.
What language was spoken in Ancient Greece?
Ancient Greece
Describe how Paleolithic people met their basic needs.
They spent most of their time HUNTING and GATHERING for food.
They were nomads (moved from place to place).
They developed BASIC tools.
What is a scribe?
a person who copies out documents, especially one employed to do this before printing was invented
What is the belief in MORE THAN ONE God?
POLYTHEISM
Examples of polytheistic religions:
Buddhism and Hinduism
Who were the patricians?
The patricians were the wealthy landowners of Ancient Rome.
They had tremendous political power.
Describe the physical features (geographical circumstances) of Greece. (3 examples)
*Mountains! Mountains! Mountains!
*NO GREAT RIVERS
*Located on the southern tip of the Balkan Peninsula.
*Rugged (rocky) highlands and DEEP VALLEYS.
*Very little land that can be used for farming.
*Surrounded by the Mediterranean Sea, the Ionian Sea, and the Aegean Sea.
*Its long coastline and the three surrounding seas helped Greeks become excellent TRADERS and sailors.
*TRADING allowed their ideas to spread.
What does Mesopotamia mean?
“The land between two rivers.”
What is the lowest ¨job¨ you can have in Ancient Egypt?
Being a slave
Why is the Code of Hammurabi considered to be an important achievement in human history?
The Code of Hammurabi was the FIRST set of written laws and consequences (punishments).
King Hammurabi from the city of Babylon (Mesopotamia) created these laws.
Punishments fit the crime according to the Code of Hammurabi (“An eye for an eye”).
How did early Romans govern themselves?
The Romans established a REPUBLIC.
Citizens have the right to vote and choose their leaders.
Had branches of government:
Senate, Tribunes, Consuls
Who was Alexander the Great?
Alexander the Great was the king of Macedonia (Ancient Greece.)
He is considered one of the greatest military commanders in history.
His great military strategies helped him win battles, even when he was outnumbered.
His empire grew and and spread throughout many lands.
He founded many cities and spread Greek culture.
What two rivers was Mesopotamia between?
The Tigris and Euphrates Rivers
What was the form of writing created by the Ancient Egyptians and what important discovery helped us understand it?
Ancient Egyptians created a form of writing called hieroglyphics.
The discovery of the Rosetta Stone helped us to understand hieroglyphics.
The Rosetta Stone is a Primary Source!
What are the characteristics (features/elements) of an advanced civilization? (you need at least 3)
Government/Laws
System of Writing
Religion
Art/Architecture
Social Classes
Jobs or specialized skills
Public Works such as roads, bridges, temples, and irrigation systems.
Cities/City-States
What is “Pax Romana”?
Pax Romana = “Roman Peace”
This was a 200 year period that began under the rule of Augustus.
How did the geographical circumstances of Ancient Greece affect the relationships between the city-states?
The mountainous terrain made communication and trade extremely difficult. Therefore, city-states were very independent. This resulted in city-states creating their own ideas, government, etc.
What is the name of the form of writing developed by the Sumerians (in Mesopotamia) and how did it help them?
The Sumerians developed cuneiform.
Cuneiform made communication and trade easier.
It also helped them to record laws and historical events.
What were the main geographical circumstances (environmental conditions) that affected settlements in Ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia?
The river valleys provided rich soil for planting crops.
The rivers were their main water source.
How long did the Mummification process take in Ancient Egypt?
70 days
What is Ancient Rome most known for?
-Military
-Politically
-Social Institutions
Describe the differences between
Athens and Sparta (you need at least two for each)
Athens
Best example of Greek Democracy
ALL male citizens over 18 would gather in assembly
Education- Reading, writing, music, art
Sparta
Military State
When Spartan boys turned 7, they began training in military camps for the army.
Athletic/Physically fit
Why did farmers begin to develop irrigation systems along the Fertile Crescent in Mesopotamia?
They needed to manage the droughts and floods.
Irrigation systems led to successful farming.
Describe the physical geography of the Nile River valley and its impact on ancient Egypt.
The annual flooding of the Nile created rich, fertile soil, making it a key resource for agriculture. This geographical feature significantly impacted ancient Egyptian civilization, enabling thriving agriculture, supporting population growth, and facilitating trade.