dihydrogen monoxide
What is the most promising water replacement?
foramide (CH3NO)
Ancient Egyptian used what to move small amounts of water out of the Nile?
shaduf
What did Roman use to bring water into cities?
aqueducts
Water with high concentration of salt is called what?
briny solution
What is another word for the late modern energy system transition (LMEST)?
Industrial Revolution
What is a brown soil like deposit in the low countries formed by buildup of partially decomposed vegetable matter and can hold a lot of water?
peat
What type of agriculture is this: burn the fields of competing vegetation, grow their crops there for few years, then move away and restart?
swidden agriculture
What effect does this describe: competitive agricultural societies --> pressure on environment to produce more to produce larger populations --> exploit environment more?
ratchet effect
Name one canal that LMEST provided the means to be able to build
Suez, Kiel, Panama
What two areas of knowledge were intertwined with water in Greek culture?
medicine -- spring water held healing properties, and religion
Why was Genghis Khan's empire so deadly?
Which law led to the draining of the fens in East Anglia?
General Drining Act (England)
What is special about water for its density at different states?
Solid state has less density compared to liquid state
List two reasons why hunter-gathering lifestyle is better than nomadic lifestyle
farmers had to work harder and wild food are better than farmed food in the ancient time
Which dam/river caused this consequence: "mill girls" w/ long work weeks and poor conditions, pollution destroying local environment (fish)?
Lawrence Dam on Merrimack River
Why is the fall of the Roman Empire in 476 a turning point in histry?
Europe deurbanized --> Dark Ages, while other parts of wold thrived
How did Mesopotamians ruin their fields?
Their water irrigation system brought in too much water in the summer to store water, which in fact penetrated the soil, with high heat, water evaporated and increased salinity of soil. Water also raised the water table.
How did Frederick the Great reclaim German lands?
dike/straighten Oder River, though huge labor costs (disease and hard) and environmental --> agriculture
How is the Neolithic Revolution hypothesized to have occured?
gradual development: first found groves of crops which they returned to every year --> started spreading seeds --> eventually enough food w/o moving
Why was the Grand Canal significant?
integrated market --> golden age in culture and economics: printed book, clock, porcelain, etc., political unity
Explain the cosequences of the Soviets hydroengineering the Aral Sea
Soviet diverted water to agriculture --> shrink --> Aralkum Desert --> dust pollution
Why did the Dutch fight for their independence from the Hapsburg Empire?
religious differences (Calvinist instead of Catholoic), high taxes
Why did London have a waste problem during the Industrial Revolution?
couldn't keep up water w/ pop growth, difficult to enforce pollution, no sewers and public bath, industry
Why did the Maasai maintain larger herds than the Mongols/Bedouins?
see herds as resources to save up when drought, more diversity --> better adapt to situations, seen as community resources used as lons/trade
Describe Karl Wittfoge's thesis on the relationship between climate and society.
hydraulic civilizations -- employed extensive hydroengineering --> centralized, repressive social structures to control populations and maintain infrastructure