Target 4
Explain how the plague affected trade in Europe
what is So many people died during the plague that few people were left to buy or sell goods.
Describe what rules of behavior knights followed
what is A knight had to obey his lord, show bravery, respect women of noble birth, honor the Church, and help people. These rules were known as the code of chivalry
State how common law helped unite England
Common law was the same throughout the whole kingdom. It replaced laws that differed from place to place
Describe how Europe’s geography impacted their economy
what is The continent is a large peninsula with many smaller peninsulas branching out from it. As a result, most land in Europe lies within 300 miles of seacoast which encouraged trade and that caused the economy to grow
Fjord
what is A narrow inlet of the sea between cliffs or steep slopes
State how the Black Death spread from continent to continent
what is It originated in Asia and was spread by rats along trade routes to Europe
Explain what two main reasons caused European populations to grow
what was Feudalism made Europe safer and New technology enabled people to produce more food and goods
Explain how the Crusades changed Christian Europe
The split between Easter and Western Christians became permanent. Western Christians came into contact with cultured Byzantines and Muslims and developed a larger view of the world
How did Charlemagne influence the educational system in his kingdom
what is He tried late in life to learn to read and write and wanted his people to be educated too. He established a school for the children of government officials
Fief
what is A feudal estate belonging to a vassal
Explain how Ferdinand and Isabella treated those of Muslim and Jewish faiths
what is They pressured Muslims and Jewish people to convert to Christianity. Most refused and left Spain.
State how guilds affected the way medieval townspeople made a living
what is Guilds controlled all business and trade. They decided the price for products and services, set standards for quality, and established who could join a trade.
Describe how the Magna Carta limited the power of the king in England
In 1215, English nobles forced King John to sign the Magna Carta, which set limits on the king’s power. It sets limits on the king’s ability to impose taxes and forced him to recognize the rights of the people
State what happened in Britain after the Roman armies abandoned the area during the 400s
what is Soon after the Romans left Britain, the Angles and the Saxons, who were Germanic groups from Denmark and northern Germany, moved in and settled there
Serf
A member of the peasant class tied to the land and a subject to the will of the landowner
Describe the major cause of the Hundred Years’ War
what is The war was caused by a dispute between England and France. The king of England laid claim to large areas of France, but the French wanted the English to leave France
Feudalism
what is Political order; under feudalism, nobles governed and protected people in return for services
Explain the royal power progression from William, to Henry II, to John, to Edward I. What were their main contributions
what is William: Conquered England and created the Domesday Book
Henry II: Brought common law to England
John: Signed the Magna Carta
Edward I: Established the English Parliament
Explain what major issue did the kings and popes disagreed on
what is Kings wanted to appoint their own bishops, but popes used the power of excommunication to force kings to accept papal appointees
Trial Jury
what is A group of citizens that decides whether an accused person is innocent or guilty
Describe what happened to Joan of Arc after the Battle of Orleans
what is the English captured her, accused her or heresy and being a witch, and then executed her. A later investigation found her innocent of all charges. Much later, she was declared a Catholic saint
Vassal
what is A low-ranking noble under the protection of a feudal lord
Plague
A disease that spreads quickly and kills many people