Religious Views
What were the two competing European views on religion coming out of the Renaissance?
1) individual should follow the rules, rituals, and teachings of the Roman Catholic Church.
2) Individuals should question and respond to the Bible personally.
What did cities give their monarchs more allegiance and wealth in return for?
improving trade laws, and lifting trade barriers
Why were wealthy monarchs of western Europe paying for exploratory sea voyages? Explain the key term that explained their motivation.
Because they needed to establish their own trade routes to the East.
Consumerism - the accumulation of wealth, fuelled the race for new trade routes.
Why is ethnocentrism not a uniquely European practice?
Because the belief of superiority of one's own culture is not limited to European countries. Most societies practise. some degree of feeling their beliefs, values, and ways of life are better than other societies'.
Define Meso America
a region stretching from central Mexico to Nicaragua. Usually used in terms of the regions ancient civilizations and Aboriginal cultures.
What key invention was utilized to spread key ideas of the Protestant Reformation? What key text was printed and translated into common vernacular languages?
The printing press was used to print the Bible in numerous common vernacular languages.
What three key things did citizens recognize as common elements of their developing new identities.
Language, religion, and beliefs in what life should be.
Who were the major explorers and which country were they from?
John Cabot - England
Jean Cartier - France
Christopher Columbus - Spain
Ferdinand Magellan - Spain
Bartholomew Diaz - Portugal
How were the Incas and Aztecs viewed differently than the indigenous tribes encountered in present day Canada?
The Incas and Aztecs had a highly developed and sophisticated society and cities larger and greater than many in Europe.
What is inflation, how is it relevant to the European economy during the Age of Exploration?
Inflation = an increase in prices and decrease in the purchasing power of money.
Translation - the more money in circulation, the less it was worth and more monney was needed to purchase everyday goods
How would a fight for religious freedom create a sense of solidarity and common identity? What did it also help to create?
Fighting with people that you share common goals with creates a sense of camaraderie. This influenced the creation of countries.
How did the introduction of gun powder enable Kings to form increasingly larger states?
They purchased gun powder and armed mercenaries that overpowered nobles' lands.
How did inventions like the Caravel, compass, astrolabe, and cartography enable explorers to do what they did?
By using innovations of naval travel and navigation explorers were able to explore farther than they ever had before.
What would often take place to the indigenous populace during and after being "discovered"?
-people used for slave labour
-disease epidemics killed of masses
-death of elders led to loss of language and culture
-governance was replaced with European system
-land taken over
-religious practices were challenged to accept Christianity
How is a nation defined?
a group of people mainly of common descent, history, and language, often forming a state or inhabiting a territory.
What happened historically and what evidence is there that explains why "individual freedom and choice, as well as freedom of religion, became important values in the Western worldview" (Nelson ,91).
Humanist philosophy emphasized human achievement that celebrated individual achievement. This was evident in the increase of self portraits amongst Renaissance paintings. This was also evident in the
How did exploration of new lands lead to a sense of greater national identity?
Citizens developed collective pride when explorers from their nation discovered new lands and brought back wealth.
Who was the first to circumnavigate the globe? Why was this such a key moment in history, and what did it enable others to do?
Ferdinand Magellan was the first. By sailing around the world he opened the door for other sailers and explorers to follow his maps and navigate and explore throughout the new world and establish global trade routes to amass more wealth for their nations.
What can we learn from this period of history? How does all of this knowledge encourage us to live as Christ followers?
"What you have done for the least of my brothers you have done onto me". - Matthew 25:40
What was the Protestant Reformation?
the 16th century movement to reform the doctrines and practices of the Roman Catholic Church which resulted in the formation of Protestant churches.
Why did the kingdom of Spain remain Catholic when so many other nations chose to participate in the protestant reformation?
The Spanish monarchy did not allow any religion other than Roman Catholicism. They reinstituted the Inquisition that resulted in thousands of Jews and Muslims were persecuted and expelled from Spain. Anyone found to be a heretic or unbeliever was often jailed, tortured, or put to death.
Explain why European national identity had to develop over time as a result of numerous factors.
Answers may vary
Why is imperialism arguably a natural progression of colonialism?
Because when the European explorers established a colony, and gained wealth from it, their nations' populace wanted more wealth along with the monarchs. The pursuit of increasing wealth / consumerism drove them to create more colonies, and once you've colonized enough nations you have established an empire.
What exchange / trade made the biggest impact on the indigenous societies across the Americas?
The exchange of disease devastated the local populations from the Arctic to the southern tip of South America. An estimated 75-90% of the aboriginal population died as a result of exposure to European diseases.
OR
The exchange of trade goods transformed the Americas with metals, the wheel, work animals like the horse.
What was imperialism? Do you see evidence of it showing up in our culture today?
Imperialism is the policy of a country or empire to extend its authority or domination by political, economic, or military means.
Discuss relevance to current day society***