Lights On, Crowns Off
Challenging the Crown (CA-CAW!) (American Revolution)
Do you hear the people sing? (French Revolution)
…and the guillotine…(Reign of Terror)
You know there’s something wrong when you see a conqueror (Napoleon)
Toussaint Louverture was a mighty man (Haitian Revolution)
El Derecho de Vivir en Paz (Latin American Revolutions)
Viva a bossa, sa, sa (Brazil)
100
Enlightenment thinker argued that government is legitimate only when it reflects the “general will” of the people.
Jean-Jacques Rousseau
100
American colonists believed rebellion was justified because these traditional rights under this document were being violated.
English Bill of Rights (1689) (social contract)
100
This long-term problem most destabilized France before 1789.
massive government debt from wars and royal spending
100
This government body led France during the Reign of Terror.
The Committee of Public Safety
100
Napoleon rose to power largely because this government was weak and ineffective
The Directory
100
This revolution is considered the most radical because it abolished slavery through a successful uprising of the enslaved
Haitian Revolution
100
This social class led most independence movements despite lacking political power under Spanish rule
Creoles
100
Brazil was ruled by this European power before independence.
Portugal
200
According to Enlightenment thinkers such as Locke and Rousseau, inequality stems from these human-made systems rather than from nature.
Laws / social institutions / social systems
200
British Prime Minister George Grenville argued that Parliament had the right to tax the colonies under this economic system.
Mercantalism
200
The Tennis Court Oath declared that national authority came from this group, not the king.
The third estate / the people
200
Robespierre justified terror as necessary to protect the Revolution from this threat
internal enemies
200
Napoleon claimed that he personally represented and preserved the achievements of this movement--"I am the--"
French Revolution
200
This leader emphasized equality and freedom in Haiti’s 1801 constitution--but claimed himself dictator for life
Toussaint L'Ouverture
200
Simón Bolívar described Spanish rule as unjust due to this abuse of rights and dignity.
oppression / cruel rule / denial of rights?
200
Unlike most Latin American revolutions, Brazil’s independence was led by this figure.
Dom (Prince) Pedro I
300
This philosopher criticized the hypocrisy of nations that claimed liberty while maintaining slavery in their colonies.
Abbé Raynal
300
Thomas Jefferson justified independence by claiming the king had violated this fundamental agreement between rulers and people.
Social Contract
300
This document abolished legal privilege and declared equality before the law.
The Declaration of Rights of Man and Citizen
300
This 1793 law allowed arrest based solely on suspicion
The Law of Suspects
300
This economic policy tried to weaken Britain by cutting off European trade.
The Continental System
300
French general Charles Leclerc argued that re-enslavement was impossible because Haitians had already gained this.
Freedom / Emancipation
300
Father Miguel Hidalgo urged followers to take this action in 1810.
Revolution / Rebellion
300
Napoleon’s invasion of Portugal indirectly caused independence movements by triggering this royal response.
flight to Brazil
400
Denis Diderot argued that these two traditional authorities worked together to restrict reason and freedom.
kings (monarchy) and priests (the church)
400
The American Revolution spread the idea that if a government is unjust, the people have a right to this/
Revolution
400
The storming of this prison symbolized popular resistance to royal authority.
the Bastille
400
Georges Danton argued that terror was this type of tool rather than a permanent goal.
a temporary measure to protect liberty
400
The Napoleonic Code reinforced these traditional roles within family and society.
gender roles
400
The Haitian Revolution directly challenged this global system more completely than other Atlantic revolutions.
Slavery / The Plantation System
400
Peru and Bolivia were liberated last largely because of this geographic factor.
Andean Geography
400
Brazil’s independence differed from Spanish America because it avoided this outcome.
widespread military violence
500
This Enlightenment belief holds that political authority rests on the consent of the governed, not divine right.
popular sovereignty
500
This 1776 document applied Enlightenment ideas to justify breaking from monarchy.
Declaration of Independence
500
This French social practice—based on birth and privilege—was most directly challenged by revolutionary ideals.
The Estate System
500
The Reign of Terror shows how revolutions can struggle between liberty and this competing priority
security/stability/order
500
Napoleon’s invasion of Spain triggered resistance movements in this region.
Latin America
500
Haiti’s success terrified slaveholding societies because it proved this historical possibility.
Abolition and Independence from Europe
500
José de San Martín argued that independence was worth this cost.
sacrifice
500
Brazil’s independence shows how some Atlantic revolutions prioritized stability over this revolutionary principle / enlightenment value
full political equality / democratic revolution