Nature of Science
What is a control variable?
The VARIABLES that are kept the SAME/CONSTANT in order to not affect the outcome of the experiment
What is the hierarchy of an organism?
TRIPLE Points: Describe geosphere, hydrosphere, cryosphere, atmosphere, and biosphere
Geosphere (all the rock on Earth), Hydrosphere (all the water on Earth), Atmosphere (all the gases surrounding Earth), Cryosphere (regions on Earth where water freezes into snow or ice) and Biosphere (all the living things on Earth)
When do objects sink? Float?
Objects/substances sink when they are denser than the object/substance they are in combination with. They float with they are less dense.
List the astronomical objects in order from largest to smallest: galaxy, planet, universe, and moon.
universe, galaxy, planet, moon
What is an independent & dependent variable?
Independent-variable that is TESTED in an experiment. Changed by the experimenter.
Dependent- variable that is MEASURED in an experiment. It’s your data!
What is the cell theory?
All living things are made up of cells.
Cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things.
All cells come from other cells.
What are the layers of the Earth from the center to the outside?
Core, outer core, mantle, crust
What are the parts of an atom? And where in the atom are they found?
Protons & Neutrons- Nucleus
Electrons- Orbit the nucleus
What unit of measure is used between objects in our solar system? BONUS 100pts- What is it the average of?
astronomical units (AU)
What is the purpose of the control group?
The control group is used to compare changes in the experimental group.
List similarities and differences between an animal cell and a plant cell. (List 3 similarities and 3 difference)
Both have: nucleus, mitochondria, cytoplasm
Only plants: cell wall, large central vacuole, chloroplasts
What is the difference between geocentric and heliocentric models of the solar system?
Geocentric – Earth centered
Heliocentric – Sun-centered
DOUBLE: What is the EM Spectrum in order from least energy to most energy?
Radio waves, microwave, infrared radiation, visible light, UV, X-ray, Gamma Ray
What unit of measure is used outside of our solar system?
Light years (LY)
What is the difference between a law and a theory?
Theory: An explanation acquired through the scientific method and repeatedly tested and confirmed through observation and experimentation.
Law: A statement based on repeated experimental observations that describes some phenomenon of nature. Proof that something happens and how it happens, but not why it happens.
Identify 2 major organ systems in the body and describe their functions.
Answers will vary
Explain the difference between a convergent, divergent, and transform boundary.
Convergent - tectonic plates move towards each other. Divergent - tectonic plates move apart. Transform - tectonic plates slide past each other
What is the difference between an element, compound, and mixture?
Element: Pure substance consisting of one type of atom. Compound: Pure substance consisting of two or more different atoms. Mixture: Two or more different substances not chemically combined.
What is the difference between apparent and absolute magnitude?
Apparent – how bright the star appears to be from EARTH
Absolute – how bright the star ACTUALLY is
Replication vs Repetition
Repetition: TRIALS in a a single experiment
Replication: When scientists recreate each other’s experiments.
DOUBLE: What is the difference between homozygous and heterozygous? What is the difference between a genotype and a phenotype?
Homozygous is the same alleles in a genotype (BB) and heterozygous is different alleles in a genotype (Bb).
Genotype is the set of genes. Phenotype is the observable physical characteristics
Describe jet streams and their impact on weather.
Jet streams form at the boundaries between hot and cold air masses and tend to be westerly, which means they blow from the west to the east. You can't feel a jet stream because it's found about six to nine miles above the Earth, but it does affect the weather by moving weather systems around.
What are some indications that a chemical change has occurred?
The following are indicators of chemical changes: Change in Temperature, Change in Color, Noticeable Odor (after reaction has begun), Formation of a Precipitate, Formation of Bubbles.
DOUBLE: What does an H-R Diagram explain?
A graph of many stars. It shows the relation between stars' brightness, their temperature, and classification. These diagrams are not pictures or maps of the locations of the stars. Diagrams plot each star on a graph measuring the star's brightness versus its temperature.