Terms & Definitions
An umbrella term referring to any difficulty or combination of difficulties with perception, motor production, or phonological representation of speech sounds and speech segments.
Speech Sound Disorder (SSD)
“Snapshot in time”; Gain as much info as possible regarding strengths/weaknesses, parent concerns, and medical/social factors. Try to be as informative and concise as possible. Gain background information in different areas (medical, previous therapy, etc.).
Case History, Review of Records, & Parent Interview
If I gave you Jenga, explain how you would achieve 100 trials with your client in 30 minutes.
*up to Elena's discretion*
What are the two types of /r/? Briefly describe each.
Retroflexed (wave) & Bunched (slingshot)
*up to Elena's discretion*
Who would be a good candidate for the Traditional Approach?
Individual misarticulated sounds/speech sound errors
Typically employed with an Articulation Disorder & CAS (occasionally with Phonological Disorders)
Atypical production of phonemes. Including substitutions, omissions, distortions, and additions.
Articulation Disorder
Provides how understandable the child is in functional contexts (home, school, etc.). Important: This is not to confused with intelligence and must always be clarified/explained in reports for parents and other professionals.
Intelligibility
What is the main purpose of an articulation screener?
Quick administration (within 5 minutes)
Identify if further assessment is required
Can be given to lots of children & scored quickly
Why is it important to know what position your client is using to target /r/?
Because you’re clients will produce it both ways and you want to teach the /r/ position that is most stimulable.
Who would be a good client for the Minimal Pairs Approach?
Functional (within Normal Range) Hearing
2-10 years old (most common 4-5 years old)
Mild-Moderate Phonological Disorders
Stimulable for a Target Sound
Impaired comprehension of the rules of the sound system. Multiple errors with patterns.
Phonological Disorder
To determine if a motoric deficit is impacting speech sound errors. Test the “speed of movement of the articulators.” One of the biggest indicating factors to differentiate articulation/phonological disorder vs. CAS
Diadochokinetic (DDK) Rating
Why is it crucial that we have cultural humility as clinicians?
We will make different decisions based upon our assumptions
We need to be careful and wise in our diagnosis
What are the 3 categories of phonological processes?
Syllable Structure
Substitution
Assimilation
*be able to define each*
Who would be a good client for the Cycles Approach?
Multiples phonological patterns
Highly unintelligible
Phonological patterns present >40% of time
Stimulable for phonological pattern
Speech sound disorder in which a child has difficulty making accurate movements when speaking. The brain is unable to make and deliver correct movement instructions to the body.
Childhood Apraxia of Speech
Provides data on which sounds are able to be produced when given visual and verbal cues (i.e. trial therapy). Most helpful tool to determine future goals
Stimulability
What are two facts on Accent Modification?
Everyone has an accent
Accentness is not a disorder
Accent Modification is an elective service, but not a remediation of a disorder
Provide 1 visual, 1 verbal, 1 tactile cue, and 1 co-articultion cue to elicit the target speech sound: /f/
Visual:
Verbal:
Tactile:
Co-articulation:
*up to Elena*
What is a pro to using standardized assessments?
Easy to administer & score
Quantifiable data (easy to see articulated/misarticulated sounds)
Normative Data: Allows you to compare a client to the performance of the same-aged peers
Cultural Humility
A commitment to lifelong learning and self-evaluation.
Gain as much information as possible regarding conversational speech errors, select which assessment measures to proceed, and gain a broader picture of the client. Provides a rationale for how the SSD is impacting daily life & communication.
Clinical Observation & Speech Sample
Provide what context you would and would not transcribe clinical phonetics.
Would: Single phonemes, syllables, single word level
Would Not: Phrases, sentences, and conversational speech samples.
What are some speech characteristics of an Articulation Disorder?
Imprecise placement, voicing, or speed (manner) of production (motor)
Outside of age-appropriate sound production
Typically little impact on intelligibility (understandability)
What is a con to using standardized assessments?
Typically in isolated words which cannot give enough information about natural speech
Does not test in a variety of phonetic contexts
Small selection of probes
Some do not factor cultural sound differences and/or second language influences
Most do not test vowels, primarily consonants