Transcription
transcribe "technique"
tɛknik
/b/
voice bilabial stop
/d/
voiced alveolar stop
/kɹip/-> /kɹi/
Final Consonant Deletion: Results in an open syllable
light -> "yight"
Gliding: liquids (/l/ and /r/) are replaced with glides (/w/ or /j/), simplifying the production of the sound.
transcribe "services"
sɜ˞vɪsɪz
/s/
devoiced, alveolar, fricative
/ʃ/
voiceless palatal fricative
– /mʌðə˞ /→ /mʌðə/
Derhoticization: reduction of a rhotic /ə˞/to a schwa /ə/.
juice -> "duice"
Stopping- child substitutes a stop sound (e.g., /p/, /b/, /t/, /d/, /k/, /g/) for a fricative or affricate sound (e.g., /f/, /v/, /s/, /z/, /ʃ/, /ʒ/, /tʃ/, /dʒ/). As a result, this simplification makes it easier for the child to produce the sound.
æktʃʊəl or ækʃʊəl
/h/
voiceless glottal fricative
/dʒ/
voiced palatal affricate
cookie /kʊkɪ/→ tuhtie[tʊtɪ]
Fronting (sounds that are typically produced in the back of the mouth (like /k/ and /g/) are replaced with sounds made in the front of the mouth)
laid (le͡ɪd) -> lid (lɪd)
Monopthongization- reduction of a diphthong to a
monophthong.
– /baɪk/ → [bɑk]
transcribe "dredge"
/d͡ʒɹɛˈd͡ʒ/
/ŋ/
voiced, velar, nasal
tʃ
voiceless, palatal, affricate
stop (stɑp) -> top (tɑp)
Cluster Reduction
/tʃu/→[su]
Deaffrication- affricate sound (e.g., /tʃ/ or /dʒ/) is replaced with a fricative sound (e.g., /ʃ/ or /ʒ/), simplifying the sound production.
transcribe "bureaucracy"
bjʊɚɑkɹəsi
What are all four mid central vowels on the vowel quadrilateral
ə, ɚ, ʌ, ɝ
what are all five "front" vowels (high, mid and low)
i, ɪ, e, ɛ, æ
spaghetti (spəgɛti) -> pasgetti (pəsgɛti)
metathesis
spoon -> foon
coalescence- two adjacent sounds in a word are replaced with a single sound that combines features of both. This process simplifies the word by merging the sounds.