SSUSH1-2
The high demand for labor to harvest this lucrative cash crop led directly to the rise of indentured servitude and slavery in Virginia.
What is tobacco?
This British decree deeply angered colonists by prohibiting them from settling anywhere west of the Appalachian Mountains.
What is the Proclamation of 1763?
This first governing document of the United States proved incredibly weak because it completely denied the national government the power to tax or regulate trade.
What are the Articles of Confederation?
This Eli Whitney invention made short-staple cotton highly profitable, which rapidly expanded the plantation system and the demand for slave labor.
What is the cotton gin?
To quickly lock up Confederate sympathizers and secure volatile border states like Maryland, Lincoln temporarily suspended this legal right against unlawful detention.
What is habeas corpus?
This religious group established the Massachusetts Bay Colony and demanded strict conformity to their deeply pious social and spiritual rules.
Who are the Puritans?
This political group, famous for organizing boycotts and protests against the Stamp Act, was led by men like Samuel Adams.
Who are the Sons of Liberty?
This 1786 armed uprising by desperate, indebted Massachusetts farmers exposed the weakness of the central government and sparked calls for a new Constitution.
What is Shays' Rebellion?
This political era was marked by the rise of the "common man" and the expansion of voting rights to nearly all white men by eliminating property-owning requirements.
What is Jacksonian Democracy?
Issued after the Battle of Antietam, this historic executive order legally freed only those enslaved people living in states still in active rebellion against the Union.
What is the Emancipation Proclamation?
This colony was established in 1607 by a joint-stock company looking to make a financial profit by extracting gold.
What is Jamestown?
These local colonial organizations were formed to share information and coordinate resistance efforts against British policies across different colonies.
What are the Committees of Correspondence?
This crucial convention agreement created a bicameral legislature, balancing the demands of large states with proportional representation and small states with equal representation.
What is the Great Compromise?
This 1832 constitutional crisis erupted when South Carolina, led by John C. Calhoun, declared federal protective tariffs null and void within its borders.
What is the Nullification Crisis?
Union victories at these two battles in July 1863 completely broke Confederate momentum in the East and gave the Union total control of the Mississippi River.
What are Gettysburg and Vicksburg?
Originally settled by the Dutch and called New Netherland, this colony was renamed after the British took it over in 1664.
What is New York?
This highly influential 1776 pamphlet by Thomas Paine argued that it was simple common sense for the colonies to break away from British rule.
What is Common Sense?
Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and John Jay wrote this collection of 85 essays to persuade states—particularly New York—to ratify the Constitution.
What are The Federalist Papers?
Organized by Elizabeth Cady Stanton in 1848, this historic New York meeting issued the "Declaration of Sentiments" to demand equal rights and voting power for women.
What is the Seneca Falls Convention?
This union general waged "Total War" across Georgia during his Atlanta Campaign and subsequent March to the Sea to destroy the South's economic infrastructure.
Who is William T. Sherman?
Unlike their New England neighbors, colonies in this specific geographic region featured greater ethnic diversity, religious tolerance, and a grain-based economy.
What are the Mid-Atlantic colonies (or Middle Colonies)?
The Declaration of Independence drew heavily upon this English philosopher's Enlightenment concept of natural rights to life, liberty, and property.
Who is John Locke?
To get the Constitution ratified, Federalists promised to add these first ten amendments to protect individual liberties from federal overreach.
What is the Bill of Rights?
This radical anti-slavery movement gained massive northern momentum through powerful orators like Frederick Douglass and William Lloyd Garrison's newspaper, The Liberator.
What is the Abolitionist Movement?
In this brief but legendary 1863 speech, Lincoln framed the Civil War as a ultimate test of whether a government of the people, by the people, and for the people could survive.
What is the Gettysburg Address?
This economic policy dictated that the American colonies exist solely to enrich Great Britain by supplying raw materials and buying British manufactured goods.
What is mercantilism?
He was chosen to lead the Continental Army not for a flawless victory record, but for his extraordinary ability to hold the military together through extreme hardships.
Who is George Washington?
This 1787 law set up the formal, orderly process for new territories to apply for equal statehood and boldly banned slavery north of the Ohio River.
What is the Northwest Ordinance?
This popular 1840s belief held that the United States was divinely ordained to expand its democratic empire all the way to the Pacific Coast.
What is Manifest Destiny?
Unlike presidential plans, this fierce congressional strategy sought to punish the South, place it under military rule, and strictly safeguard the rights of freedmen.
What is Congressional Reconstruction?
Enslaved Africans endured unspeakable horrors and high mortality rates along this specific leg of the Triangular Trade route across the Atlantic.
What is the Middle Passage?
This October 1777 American victory is considered the major turning point of the war because it convinced France to sign a formal military alliance with the U.S.
What is the Battle of Saratoga?
Thomas Jefferson wrestled with his strict interpretation of the Constitution before authorizing this massive 1803 land deal with France.
What is the Louisiana Purchase?
While this multi-part compromise admitted California as a free state, it deeply angered northerners by enacting a fierce new federal Fugitive Slave Act.
What is the Compromise of 1850?
This monumental constitutional amendment overturned the Dred Scott decision by guaranteeing citizenship and equal protection under the law to anyone born in the U.S.
What is the 14th Amendment?
This multi-talented Founding Father became a prime symbol of American social mobility by rising from a humble apprentice printer to a world-renowned scientist and diplomat to France in the Revolution.
Who is Benjamin Franklin?
The Continental Army emerged from this brutal 1777–1778 winter encampment as a highly trained, disciplined fighting force thanks to Baron von Steuben.
What is Valley Forge?
British impressment of American sailors and British military support for Native American frontier raids were primary causes of this conflict.
What is the War of 1812?
This controversial 1854 act bypassed the Missouri Compromise line and stated that the issue of slavery in new territories would be settled by popular sovereignty.
What is the Kansas-Nebraska Act?
This federal agency was created in 1865 to provide emergency food, medical aid, legal counsel, and crucial educational schooling to formerly enslaved individuals.
What is the Freedmen's Bureau?
This emotional, multi-colony religious revival in the 1730s and 1740s fostered a sense of spiritual independence and challenged traditional church hierarchies.
What is the Great Awakening?
The combat phase of the war effectively ended here in 1781 when French and American forces trapped and forced the surrender of British General Cornwallis.
What is the Battle of Yorktown?
Completed in 1825, this engineering marvel connected the Great Lakes to the Atlantic Ocean, turning New York City into a dominant commercial hub.
What is the Erie Canal?
In this infamous 1857 decision, the Supreme Court ruled that African Americans were not citizens and that Congress had no legal right to ban slavery in federal territories.
What is the Dred Scott v. Sandford case?
President Andrew Johnson faced this historic congressional trial after he violated the Tenure of Office Act by firing his Secretary of War.
What is impeachment?
To pay off its massive debt from this 18th-century conflict, Great Britain abandoned its policy of salutary neglect and began strictly taxing the colonies.
What is the French and Indian War?
This historic 1783 agreement officially granted the United States its independence and set its western boundary at the Mississippi River.
What is the Treaty of Paris?
This 1823 foreign policy statement warned European empires that the United States would oppose any further colonization or interference in the Western Hemisphere.
What is the Monroe Doctrine?
This 1860 political event served as the final straw for the South, prompting South Carolina to immediately secede from the Union.
What is the election of Abraham Lincoln?
Reconstruction came to a sudden halt following this backroom political agreement, which awarded Rutherford B. Hayes the presidency in exchange for removing all federal troops from the South.
What is the Compromise of 1877?