Rise of Byzantium
Rise of Islam
Kievan Rus
Journeys of Ibn Battuta
Great Schism
Decline of Byzantium
100
the "start" of the Byzantine Empire can be said to begin with the death of this Roman Emperor, the last to reign over East & West
Who is Theodosius?
100
Some Arabs prior to Islam practiced a combination of polytheism mixed with THIS, also know as nature worship
What is animism?
100
Byzantine culture spread to the Rus through Christian missionary activity and THIS
What is commerce/trade?
100
Though he found this East Asian kingdom "very beautiful", he "did not like it very much", and often stayed indoors during this time there
What is China?
100
This 8th and 9th century movement in the Byzantine Empire widened the growing divergence and tension between the eastern and western churches
What is Iconoclasm/Iconoclastic?
100
The rise of THIS and the decline of Byzantium are related
What is Islam?
200
Referred to by Constantine the Great as "Nova Roma", it was built on the foundations of the old Greek city of Byzantium and located on the Bosporus Strait, which links Europe and Asia
What is Constantinople?
200
The Hejira refers to Muhammad's journey from Mecca to THIS CITY, whose name comes to mean "City of the Prophet"
What is Medina?
200
Following the East-West split in 1054, the Rus followed this branch of Christianity
What is Eastern Orthodox?
200
Battuta spent some years in this South Asian Muslim kingdom serving as both a judge and ambassador
What is the Delhi Sultanate?
200
the Pope in Rome declaring this Frankish ruler a new "Roman" emperor in 800 AD led to outrage in the Byzantine Empire
Who was Charlemagne/Charles the Great?
200
This crusade:
a. ends with the sacking of Constantinople by Christian knights
b. weakens the Crusading impulse, as it ends with Christians massacring other Christians
What is the Fourth Crusade?
300
6th century Byzantine emperor whose forces reconquered parts of the old Western Empire, but later were unable to keep them under their control, and they fell back into "barbarian" hands
Who is Justinian?
300
The zakat is THIS
What is the giving of alms/charity to the poor?
300
Two Byzantine monks named Methodius and Cyril created THIS for the Rus
What is a written alphabet?
300
In this West African empire, Battuta was puzzled by the prominent role women played in both religion and commerce (EMPIRE NOT MAJOR CITY)
What is Mali?
300
A more immediate cause of the Schism was the closing of all Byzantine churches who used Latin in services ... this was in response to the Pope closing churches in Italy that used THIS LANGUAGE in their services
What is Greek?
300
The walls of Constantinople were unable to withstand the impact of THESE used by the Ottoman Turks in their final assault on the city in 1453
What are cannons?
400
"Therefore ... it has pleased us to remove all conditions [restrictions] whatsoever ... concerning the Christians and now [anyone] who wishes to observe Christian religion may do so freely and openly, without molestation."
-Edict of Milan, 313 AD
The above edict was issued by THIS Roman Emperor following his accession to the throne
Who is Constantine the Great?
400
In a final speech, Muhammad stated "Anyone who has me as his MAWLA [guardian, protector, lord] has ʿAlī as his MAWLA"... confusion over the exact meaning of this term later led to THIS
What is the Sunni-Shia split?
400
Rus means "Red" referring to the hair color and/or complexion of these Northern Europeans, who founded Kievan Rus in the 800s
Who are the Vikings?
400
Battuta is often compared to this Italian merchant who traveled to China approximately 70 years before he did
Who is Marco Polo?
400
The Byzantine Church opposed the use of unleavened bread because they believed it symbolized THIS vs. Eternal life through Jesus
What is death?
400
"On the third day after the fall of our city, the Sultan...issued a proclamation: the citizens of all ages who had managed to escape detection ... [should] come out into the open, as they to were to remain free and no question would be asked."
Turkish sultan who issued the above referenced proclamation, and the city that "fell" to him
Who is Mehmed II & Constantinople?
500
6th century Byzantine ruler who is reputed to have said: "It is better to let the crime of the guilty go unpunished than to condemn the innocent."
Who is Justinian?
500
The Umayyads initially opposed Muhammad's ministry as it reduced their political and economic control of this city
What is Mecca?
500
Yaroslav the Great, ruler of Kievan Rus, gave the Russians their first written THIS
What is law code?
500
Battuta came from this modern-day North African nation, the home of the Moorish people
What is Morocco?
500
The sacking of Constantinople in 1204 by THESE people only made reconciliation between the Orthodox and Catholic Churches more difficult
Who are Crusaders?
500
The Ottoman Sultans after 1453 claimed also to be Sultans of THIS, noting the link of Byzantium to the events of centuries past
What is Ruma/Rome?
600
One SPECIFIC difference between the Code of Justinian and the Code of Hammurabi
What the influence of social class on punishment?
600
750 - The Battle of the Zab River in modern-day Iraq marks the official end of the _______ caliphate and the beginning of the _________ caliphate.
What is the Umayyad & Abbasid?
600
The sack of Kiev marks the start of Mongol rule over Russia, which will last until they are expelled from Russia by the leaders of this Russian city/duchy in the 1400s
What is Moscow/Muscovy?
600
Late in his life, Battuta visited THIS CITY in Spain, whose "environs have not their equal in any country in the world. They extend for the space of forty miles …. Around it on every side are orchards, gardens, flowery meads, noble buildings, and vineyards."
What is Granada?
600
Defined as the "institutional act of religious censure that is used to deprive, suspend, or limit membership in a religious community"
Two of these acts, one by the Pope in Rome, and one by the Patriarch of Constantinople, marked the official start of the Great Schism
What is excommunication?
600
After the Battle of Manzikert in 1071, these people were able to invade and conquer most of Anatolia, the heartland of the Byzantine Empire
Who are the Turks?