Types of Data and Graphs
This type of data includes measurable quantities like weight or blood pressure.
What is quantitative data?
This value occurs most frequently in a dataset.
What is the mode?
This type of bias occurs when certain groups are underrepresented.
What is sampling bias?
This rule applies when two events cannot happen at the same time.
What is the addition rule for mutually exclusive events?
Increasing sample size has this effect on interval width.
What is decreases (narrows)?
This graph is used to show relationships between two quantitative variables
What is a scatterplot?
This type of correlation means that as one variable increases, the other decreases.
What is negative correlation?
This group does not receive the treatment and serves as a comparison.
What is the control group?
This notation represents the probability of A given B.
What is P(A|B)?
This value is compared to the significance level to make a decision during hypothesis testing.
What is the p-value?
This type of data includes catgories with no inherent order (e.g., blood type).
What is nominal data?
This measure is the average of all values.
What is the mean?
This type of sampling gives every member of the population an equal chance of being selected.
What is simple random sampling?
If P(A|B) = P(A), the events A and B are this.
What is independent?
A 95% confidence interval means this.
What is the percentage of intervals containing the true population parameter is 95%?
This type of quantitative data can take on any value within a range.
What is continuous data?
This measure of central tendency is most affected by extreme outliers.
What is the mean?
This sampling approach divides the population into subgroups before sampling.
What is stratified sampling?
This type of distribution includes an infinite number of possible values.
What is a continuous distribution?
This provides a range of plausible values for a population parameter?
What is a confidence interval?
This graph shows categorical data using rectangular bars.
What is a bar graph?
This common mistake assumes correlation implies this.
What is causation?
This process helps eliminate selection bias by assigning participants randomly.
What is randomization?
In a normal distribution, this percentage of data falls within 1 standard deviation.
What is 68%?
This is the default assumption being tested.
What is the null hypothesis?