Cellular Respiration
Where is ATP made?
Mitochondria
What are the stages of mitosis?
Prophase, Prometaphase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase
What cells does meiosis create?
Gametes (sperm and egg cells)
What is the difference between phenotype and genotype?
phenotype = the way you look
genotype = your genetic code
What are the 2 steps in protein synthesis?
Transcription and Translation
What does the chloroplast help with?
photosynthesis and the creation of glucose
What are the 3 phases of interphase ?
G1, S,G2
How many times does PMAT happen in meiosis?
2 times
Describe the phenotype and genotype of the trait Tt where T= brown eyes and t= blue eyes
phenotype: brown eyes
genotype: Tt
Where does protein synthesis take place?
Ribosomes
How are photosynthesis and cellular respiration related?
Photosynthesis produces glucose and cellular respiration breaks the glucose down into ATP (usable energy for the cell)
What is the problem with cancer cells?
They are cells that don't die and skip parts of the cell cycle. They eventually keep multiplying, resulting in tumors or clumps of cancerous cells
What is crossing over and when does it happen?
happens during prophase 1 and its when pairs of homologous chromosomes transfer information between each other
In pea plants, tall plants (T) are dominant over short plants (t). If you cross a heterozygous tall plant (Tt) with a homozygous short plant (tt), what percentage of the offspring will be short?
50% the plant will be short
What term describes a type of mutation where one nucleotide in the DNA sequence is replaced with another?
Substitution
TRUE OR FALSE: Only animal cells need to do cellular respiration
FALSE
What is cytokinesis?
How is meiosis different than mitosis?
meiosis focuses on the producing of gametes for reproduction and mitosis focuses on the producing of body cells for growth
What is the difference between incomplete dominance and codominance?
incomplete dominance - neither allele is dominant
codominance - both allelles are expressed
What is the role of mRNA in expressing specialized structures?
Providing information to form proteins
Which statement accurately describes the energy needs for photosynthesis and cellular respiration?
A Solar energy is needed for cellular respiration but not for photosynthesis.
B Chemical energy in the form of glucose is needed for both cellular respiration and photosynthesis.
C Chemical energy in the form of glucose is needed for photosynthesis, and solar energy is needed for cellular respiration.
D Solar energy is needed for photosynthesis, and chemical energy in the form of glucose is needed for cellular respiration.
D Solar energy is needed for photosynthesis, and chemical energy in the form of glucose is needed for cellular respiration.
Explain each of the stages of the cell cycle.
Prophase - DNA condenses into chromosomes
Prometaphase - microtubules appear and nuclear membrane breaks down
Metaphase -
Anaphase
Telephase
Cytokinesis
G1
S
G2
14. Meiosis is an essential process for sexually reproducing organisms. What are two major events during meiosis that contribute directly to genetic variation in offspring?
A) DNA replication and cytokinesis
B) Crossing-over and independent assortment
C) Spindle fiber attachment and centromere cleavage
D) Transcription and translation
B) Crossing-over and independent assortment
A purebred black-furred rabbit breeds with a purebred white-furred rabbit. If all their offspring have gray fur, what type of non-Mendelian inheritance is this?
incomplete dominance
Place these in order and describe their process:
- Protein, DNA, mRNA,
- Transcription, Translation
DNA--> mRNA
process called: transcription
mRNA--> protein
Process called: translation