RECONSTRUCTION
CIVIL WAR
SECTIONALISM
INDUSTRIALI-ZATION
REFORM MOVEMENTS
WESTWARD EXPANSION
AGE OF JACKSON
EARLY REPUBLIC
CONSTITUTION
REVOLUTION
COLONIZATION
100
Many historians argue that the assassination of President Abraham Lincoln changed the course of Reconstruction. Which of the following is usually cited as an aspect of that change?
A Radical Republicans took control of Congress.
B Congress imposed taxes on cotton imports to pay war debts.
C The Fourteenth Amendment was approved by Congress.
D Congress repealed legislation regulating railroad construction.
A Radical Republicans took control of Congress.
100
Why is the Union victory at the Battle of Gettysburg considered a turning point of the Civil War?
A It was the first battle to use machine guns.
B It was the last battle in any Union state.
C It turned back the Confederate invasion of the North.
D It placed the Union in charge of the Mississippi River.
C It turned back the Confederate invasion of the North.
100
Which statement best explains the changes shown in this table?
A Slaves from the Upper South were moved to the Lower South to work on cotton plantations.
B The Upper South experienced an agricultural labor shortage in the antebellum period.
C Slaves were transferred from the Lower South to the Upper South to work in newly built factories.
D The Lower South lost population as settlers migrated west to establish new plantations.
A Slaves from the Upper South were moved to the Lower South to work on cotton plantations.
100
One effect of urbanization that led to the development of the Know-Nothing Party was —
A unsafe factory conditions
B unsanitary living conditions
C anti-immigration sentiment
D fear of communist influence
C anti-immigration sentiment
100
Use the excerpt to answer the question that follows.
Unjust laws exist: shall we be content to obey them, or shall we endeavor to amend them, and obey them until we have succeeded, or shall we transgress [break] them at once? . . . . I do not hesitate to say, that those who call themselves abolitionists should at once effectually withdraw their support, both in person and property, from the government of Massachusetts, and not wait till they constitute a majority of one, before they suffer the right to prevail through them.
—Henry David Thoreau, Resistance to Civil Government, 1849
What action did Henry David Thoreau take in support of his views?
A He ran for Congress in order to change laws that he considered unjust.
B He went to jail after refusing to pay taxes as a protest against unjust laws.
C He supported secession to create a new government that would pass just laws.
D He organized a political party to convince voters to support laws that were just.
B He went to jail after refusing to pay taxes as a protest against unjust laws.
100
The historical era referred to as westward expansion is most characterized by —
A fighting of a civil war
B growing urbanization
C changing settlement patterns
D increasing need for social reform
C changing settlement patterns
100
The years of the Monroe presidency are often referred to as the Era of Good Feelings because —
A the United States desired unity and had a sense of national purpose
B the United States established diplomatic ties with most European nations
C the U.S. economy was booming and commercial shipping expanded globally
D the U.S. elections were decided by members of the House of Representatives
A the United States desired unity and had a sense of national purpose
100
Which precedent was established by the Supreme Court ruling in Marbury v. Madison?
A The federal government has the power to regulate trade among the states.
B State governments lack the authority to regulate federal bureaus.
C Federal courts determine the constitutionality of a law.
D State courts lack the authority to hear cases challenging federal law.
C Federal courts determine the constitutionality of a law.
100
To the People of the State of New York:
A FIRM Union will be of the utmost moment to the peace and liberty of the States, as a barrier against domestic faction and insurrection. It is impossible to read the history of the petty republics of Greece and Italy without feeling sensations of horror and disgust at the distractions with which they were continually agitated, and at the rapid succession of revolutions by which they were kept in a state of perpetual vibration between the extremes of tyranny and anarchy. If they exhibit occasional calms, these only serve as short-lived contrast to the furious storms that are to succeed.
— Alexander Hamilton, Federalist No. 9, November 21, 178
In the excerpt above Hamilton argues for a strong union in order to —
A protect individual rights
B promote a larger economy
C create a power military alliance
D avoid conflicts between the states
D avoid conflicts between the states
100
The MAJOR factor contributing to the British surrender at Yorktown was the —
A presence of the French navy
B need for British troops elsewhere
C deterioration of British fortifications
D Colonial success in taking New York
A presence of the French navy
100
Which of the following resulted from the First Great Awakening?
A Religious leaders took on prominent political roles.
B Newly formed religious groups created their own colonies.
C Charismatic preachers spread the ideals of the Enlightenment.
D Many religious denominations experienced a growth in numbers.
D Many religious denominations experienced a growth in numbers.
200
How did many southern state governments respond to the efforts of Reconstruction to recognize new freedoms for African Americans?
A Several state governments re-introduced the international slavery trade.
B Several state governments passed laws to limit the opportunities of African Americans.
C Several state governments recalled national legislators and again proposed secession.
D Several state governments introduced constitutional amendments to expand citizenship and voting rights to African Americans.
B Several state governments passed laws to limit the opportunities of African Americans.
200
Which of the following completes this diagram?
A President Lincoln’s First Inaugural Address
B The Gettysburg Address
C The Emancipation Proclamation
D The Thirteenth Amendment
C The Emancipation Proclamation
200
How did both the Missouri Compromise and the Compromise of 1850 contribute to differences between free and enslaved African Americans?
A The institution of slavery was allowed in some new states, while other states allowed freedom for African Americans.
B Both compromises expanded rights for enslaved African Americans, but limited the rights of free African Americans in new free states.
C Free African Americans gained new rights to vote and hold office in new free states while enslaved African Americans lacked any rights.
D Both compromises limited the spread of slavery to east of the Mississippi River, allowing enslaved African Americans who escaped slavery to gain their freedom and political rights in free states.
A The institution of slavery was allowed in some new states, while other states allowed freedom for African Americans.
200
Which of these best completes the diagram above?
A The demand for slaves increases in the South.
B More textile factories are established in the South.
C The number of European immigrants arriving at southern port cities increases.
D More tobacco and food crops are cultivated on southern plantations.
A The demand for slaves increases in the South.
200
What was one major effect of the Second Great Awakening?
A Churches turned away from public politics and focused on internal religious issues.
B People were inspired to join reform movements to address social problems.
C Religious leaders petitioned legislatures to extend suffrage to women.
D Politicians were encouraged to promote states’ rights rather than federal unity.
B People were inspired to join reform movements to address social problems.
200
The Northwest Ordinance established guidelines for the orderly expansion of the United States by instituting a —
A method to purchase territory from foreign powers
B procedure for military takeovers of existing countries
C process through which states could be added to the Union
D compromise line that prohibited slavery in the West
C process through which states could be added to the Union
200
During the 1830s public servants and officials were widely perceived to be unqualified. What practice reinforced that perception?
A The public voting for candidates based on religious affiliations
B The president rewarding political supporters with appointments to desirable positions
C The federal government recruiting volunteers to serve abroad as ambassadors
D Legislators awarding government contracts to the lowest bidders
B The president rewarding political supporters with appointments to desirable positions
200
Which of the following is the best example of an early U.S. struggle to define the domestic authority of the central government?
A The XYZ Affair
B The War of 1812
C The Barbary Wars
D The Whiskey Rebellion
D The Whiskey Rebellion
200
Why were southern delegates to the Constitutional Convention willing to accept the Three-Fifths Compromise?
A It increased the political influence of the South.
B It allowed indentured servants in the South to become citizens.
C It decreased the federal tax on property in the South.
D It allowed the South to expand its industrial output.
A It increased the political influence of the South.
200
I dressed myself in the costume of an Indian, equipped with a small hatchet, which I and my associates denominated the tomahawk, with which, and a club, after having painted my face and hands with coal dust in the shop of a blacksmith, I repaired to Griffin's wharf, where the ships lay that contained the tea...
We then were ordered by our commander to open the hatches and take out all the chests of tea and throw them overboard, and we immediately proceeded to execute his orders, first cutting and splitting the chests with our tomahawks, so as thoroughly to expose them to the effects of the water. In about three hours from the time we went on board, we had thus broken and thrown overboard every tea chest to be found in the ship, while those in the other ships were disposing of the tea in the same way, at the same time. We were surrounded by British armed ships, but no attempt was made to resist us.
— "Account of the Boston Tea Party by a Participant," Anonymous, 1773
Which of the following caused the reaction described in the excerpt?
A Disgust about the poor quality of tea the colonists were forced to buy
B Anger about armed ships being in the harbor protecting the tea traders
C Resentment of the British East India Company for monopolizing the tea trade
D Dislike of the British customs officials who allowed tea shipments into Boston
C Resentment of the British East India Company for monopolizing the tea trade
200
No freeman shall be taken, imprisoned, disseised, outlawed, banished, or in any way destroyed, nor will We proceed against or prosecute him, except by the lawful judgment of his peers or by the law of the land. . . . To no one will We sell, to no one will We deny or delay, right or justice.
—Magna Carta, 1215
These ideas expressed in the Magna Carta influenced the American colonists to —
A pass laws outlawing the practice of enslaving people
B provide legal protections for those accused of crimes
C establish three branches of government to check each other
D create a supreme court to review the laws passed by the legislature
B provide legal protections for those accused of crimes
300
How did efforts of the Radical Republican Congress during Reconstruction have a lasting political impact on southern states?
A The Republican Party would win most elections in southern states until the 1960s.
B The Democratic Party would become divided and lack any political power until the 1960s.
C The Democratic Party would dominate the politics of southern states for a century following the Civil War.
D The Republican Party would merge with agricultural and factory worker organizations to emerge as the party for working class reforms.
C The Democratic Party would dominate the politics of southern states for a century following the Civil War.
300
Based on the information in these excerpts, how do Davis' views differ from Lincoln's?
A Davis considered enslaved people to have the right to property, while Lincoln did not.
B Davis considered property rights to be more important than individual liberties, while Lincoln did not.
C Davis considered all states to have equal rights, while Lincoln did not consider the rights of states a dividing issue between the North and South.
D Davis considered states to have the right to freedom from oppressive government, while Lincoln believed individuals should be free from government oppression.
B Davis considered property rights to be more important than individual liberties, while Lincoln did not.
300
What was a major result of the Missouri Compromise?
A It increased the number of immigrants settling in northern states.
B It provided financing for canal construction.
C It rapidly expanded railroad construction in southern states.
D It temporarily relieved sectional tensions.
It temporarily relieved sectional tensions.
300
The Bessemer steel process affected westward expansion in the United States by enabling —
A clipper ships to be built in order to transport passengers from the East Coast to the West Coast
B interstate canal systems to be built in order to transport agricultural goods from west to east
C Conestoga wagons to be built in order to carry people and goods to the West
D railroads to be built in order to carry people and goods to the West
D railroads to be built in order to carry people and goods to the West
300
Which of the following best completes the graphic organizer?
A Founding Mothers
B Important Reformers
C Business Entrepreneurs
D Popular American Novelists
B Important Reformers
300
Which of these was a goal shared by many advocates of Manifest Destiny?
A Abolishing slavery throughout the United States
B Occupying all of North America
C Withdrawing from foreign affairs
D Returning to an agrarian economy
B Occupying all of North America
300
How did the Supreme Court decision in Worcester v. Georgia affect American Indians
A The ruling recognized the Cherokees as a sovereign nation.
B The state distributed Cherokee lands to white settlers.
C More American Indian tribes decided to grant licenses to missionaries to live on tribal lands.
D Reservation policies were overturned and replaced with land grants to individuals.
A The ruling recognized the Cherokees as a sovereign nation.
300
Why did Northern states favor tariffs during the early years of the republic?
A Southern smugglers would be forced to trade fairly and legally.
B Northern farmers would be able to trade in foreign markets freely.
C Northern manufacturers would benefit from less foreign competition.
D Southern states would sell more raw materials to Northern businesses.
C Northern manufacturers would benefit from less foreign competition.
300
Which of the following was the result of the Great Compromise?
A a supreme court
B an electoral college
C a bicameral legislature
D an amendment process
C a bicameral legislature
300
Which of the following groups opposed the Declaration of Independence?
A Patriots
B Loyalists
C Sons of Liberty
D Continental Congress
B Loyalists
300
Montesquieu and Locke were both significant individuals in the development of representative government in the colonies because —
A each of them trained elected colonial officials
B many of their ideas influenced colonial leaders
C their efforts helped to end slavery in the colonies
D they established the first parliaments in the colonies
B many of their ideas influenced colonial leaders
400
[A]ll persons born in the United States and not subject to any foreign power . . . are hereby declared citizens of the United States. — Civil Rights Act of 1866
How was this act introduced as law?
A President Johnson introduced the bill, and Radical Republicans supported it.
B President Johnson supported the bill, but Radical Republicans were against it.
C President Johnson vetoed the bill, but Radical Republicans overrode his veto.
D President Johnson vetoed the bill, and Radical Republicans supported his veto.
C President Johnson vetoed the bill, but Radical Republicans overrode his veto.
400
Which pair of political parties best completes the table?
A Democrats, Republicans
B Republicans, Democrats
C Republicans, Know Nothings
D American Party, Democrats
Republicans, Democrats
400
Use the information to answer the question that follows.
In its 1857 Dred Scott v. Sandford decision, the Supreme Court ruled that Congress could not ban slavery in U.S. territories. Also, since slaves were considered to be property, the Court used the Fifth Amendment to uphold the rights of slave owners.
Which statement best explains how this Supreme Court decision affected the United States?
A It convinced the Southern states to secede from the Union.
B It led abolitionists to pursue their cause through state courts.
C It made tensions worse between different parts of the country.
D It forced states and territories to repeal laws abolishing slavery.
C It made tensions worse between different parts of the country.
400
Use the information below to answer the question.
• Francis Cabot Lowell built first power loom in United State
• First textile mill built in Waltham, Massachusetts, in 18
• Mill at Waltham, Massachusetts, placed all aspects of textile production on-sight
• Interchangeable parts and machine tools aided growth of industry in New England
• Protective tariffs were passed to assist in the development of industries
What was one result of the growth of this industry in New England during the early 1800s?
A The role of work for women began to change.
B The use of slaves in northern towns became more common.
C The need for immigrant labor began to decrease.
D The cost of imported goods began to decline.
A The role of work for women began to change.
400
The reform efforts of the women’s rights movement of the nineteenth century helped to bring about —
A an increase in wages paid to women
B an end to the trading of enslaved people
C a shortening of the workday to ten hours
D the beautification of overcrowded American cities
C a shortening of the workday to ten hours
400
Which event on the time line contributed most directly to the outbreak of the U.S.- Mexican War?
A1
B2
C3
D4
D4
400
How did this decision affect federal institutions?
A Only the federal government could regulate banks.
B The federal government did not have the right to create a national bank.
C Maryland’s state powers included the right to tax the bank, but the federal government would receive the funds.
D Maryland's state powers did not include the right to levy taxes on institutions created by the federal government.
Maryland's state powers did not include the right to levy taxes on institutions created by the federal government.
400
"The question whether the judges are invested with exclusive authority to decide on the constitutionality of a law has been...a subject of consideration with me in the exercise of official duties. Certainly there is not a word in the Constitution which has given that power to them more than to the Executive or Legislative branches."
— Thomas Jefferson, 1815
Which of the following was Jefferson challenging in the above statement?
A the authority of military courts to overrule precedents
B the authority of legislators to raise taxes
C the right to convict without a trial
D the doctrine of judicial review
D the doctrine of judicial review
400
How did the Northwest Ordinance of 1787 provide for the orderly expansion of the United States?
A It provided a review process for laws in new territories and states.
B It provided policies for acquiring territory from American Indian tribes.
C It provided procedures for establishing territories and creating states.
D It provided the president with the power to sign treaties with foreign powers to buy additional territory.
C It provided procedures for establishing territories and creating states.
400
Spying for the Patriots
● Fundraising for the Revolutionary Army
● Taking control of a cannon at the Battle of Monmouth
● Writing pamphlets to encourage support for the Patriots
The actions listed in the box were contributions to the Revolutionary War made by —
A French fighters
B women patriots
C military officers
D enslaved people
B women patriots
400
How did geography influence the early economic development of NewYork, Boston, and Charleston?
A Long coastlines offered abundant natural resources.
B Proximity to flooding rivers limited development.
C Natural harbors provided access to markets.
D Extreme climates limited productive activity.
C Natural harbors provided access to markets.
500
All persons born or naturalized in the United States, and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States and of the State wherein they reside. No State shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States; nor shall any State deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws.
—Section 1, Fourteenth Amendment, U.S. Constitution
Which group of people who were born in the United States were not granted citizenship by the provisions of the amendment?
A Naturalized Irish immigrants
B Members of American Indian tribes
C Citizens of seceded southern states
D Formerly enslaved African Americans
B Members of American Indian tribes
500
What was significant about the states shaded with diagonal lines?
A They were slaveholding states that remained with the Union.
B They were key manufacturing states that remained with the Union.
C They were non-slaveholding states that sided with the Confederacy.
D They were neutral states that were taken over by Confederate troops.
A They were slaveholding states that remained with the Union.
500
In what way did the Northwest Ordinance of 1787 contribute to growing sectionalism within the United States?
A It allowed states in the territory to vote on slavery.
B It outlawed slavery within the new territories.
C It protected Native American land claims within territorial boundaries.
D It granted women voting rights within the territories.
B It outlawed slavery within the new territories.
500
How did this invention contribute to the expansion of the plantation system?
A By reducing the number of slaves needed for growing cotton
B By increasing the time needed to cultivate cotton
C By increasing the profitability of slavery
D By reducing the demand for raw cotton
C By increasing the profitability of slavery
500
The speaker quoted above was a supporter of the movement to —
A end the international slave trade
B establish strict limits on immigration
C expose corruption in the federal government
D discourage the consumption of alcoholic beverages
D discourage the consumption of alcoholic beverages
500
A physical geographic factor that contributed to the exploration and settling of Oregon Country and the Louisiana Territory by Americans includes —
A mild climate conditions
B a system of navigable rivers
C access to mountains with minerals
D a demand for agricultural products
B a system of navigable rivers
500
The acts of the Legislature of the State of New York, granting to Robert R. Livingston and Robert Fulton the exclusive navigation of all the waters within the jurisdiction of that State, with boats moved by fire or steam, for a term of years, are repugnant [in opposition] to that clause of the constitution of the United States, which authorizes Congress to regulate commerce, so far as the said acts prohibit vessels licensed, according to the laws of the United States, for carrying on the coasting trade, from navigating the said waters by means of fire or steam —Gibbons v. Ogden, (1824)
What is the significance of this decision?
A States have the power to regulate commerce between one another.
B Only the federal government has the power to regulate interstate commerce.
C State governments may regulate the type of transportation used on rivers within state borders.
D The Constitution does not expressly grant the federal government the power to regulate commerce.
B Only the federal government has the power to regulate interstate commerce.
500
Which action should be added to this list?
A Upheld the doctrine of states’ rights
B Supported the popular election of Supreme Court justices
C Allowed slavery to extend into western territories
D Wrote the Supreme Court decision that established the principle of judicial review
D Wrote the Supreme Court decision that established the principle of judicial review
500
Those in favor of ratifying the Constitution would most likely respond to this concern by pointing out that —
A elected representatives are accountable to individual voters
B courts have the right to resolve disputes between states
C each branch of government can serve as a check on the other branches
D power is divided between the federal government and state governments
D power is divided between the federal government and state governments
500
Under the terms of the Treaty of Paris of 1783, the western border of the United States became the —
A Rio Grande
B Pacific Ocean
C Mississippi River
D Appalachian Mountains
D Appalachian Mountains
500
19 The events in the timeline affected the development of government in the thirteen colonies by —
A increasing colonial ties with English leaders in parliament
B providing opportunities for colonists to participate in government
C encouraging political participation through expanding voting rights
D protecting individual rights of all people living in the thirteen colonies
B providing opportunities for colonists to participate in government
600
Which of these describes a result of the Thirteenth Amendment?
A African Americans in the North could vote.
B State governments were required to protect individual rights.
C Former Confederate officials were prohibited from holding elected office.
D African Americans in the South could move elsewhere.
D African Americans in the South could move elsewhere.
600
Use the quote below to answer the question.
That on the first day of January, in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and sixty-three, all persons held as slaves within any state or designated part of a state, the people whereof shall then be in rebellion against the United States, shall be then, thenceforward, and forever free . . .
—Emancipation Proclamation, 1863
What aspect of the Emancipation Proclamation caused some to believe it was more focused on protecting the Union rather than freeing slaves?
A It did not go into effect until after the end of the Civil War.
B It allowed the border states to maintain ownership of their slaves.
C It was promoted without any support from Republican lawmakers.
D It forced freed slaves to remain in the southern states.
B It allowed the border states to maintain ownership of their slaves.
600
Which reason led South Carolina to secede from the Union?
A They felt the federal government would not protect the rights of slaveholding states.
B They felt the federal government did not act to provide a common defense from enemies.
C They felt the federal government permitted citizens to denounce slavery as illegal and a sinful institution.
D They felt the federal government established groups promoting the protection of escaped enslaved people.
A They felt the federal government would not protect the rights of slaveholding states.
600
The development of a national market for goods and services within the United States was largely a result of —
A tariffs on manufactured goods
B government safety regulations
C improvements in transportation
D increased demand for cheap labor
C improvements in transportation
600
*Daughters of Temperance
*Women's Christian Temperance Union How did the growth of these organizations most affect the role of women in U.S. society?
A By providing economic opportunities for women in urban areas
B By expanding the participation of women in social reform
C By increasing the number of women teachers in rural areas
D By securing the establishment of private universities for women
B By expanding the participation of women in social reform
600
According to the excerpt above, the Gadsden Purchase was intended to —
A support settlement of U.S. territory gained through the U.S.-Mexican War
B encourage commerce among U.S. states formed from the Louisiana Purchase
C allow the United States and Mexico to share railroad construction costs
D encourage the sale of U.S. government land in Florida
A support settlement of U.S. territory gained through the U.S.-Mexican War
600
Which issue did the Democratic Party support following the presidential campaign of Andrew Jackson?
A Abolition of slavery
B Nullification of laws
C Funding for industrialization
D Elimination of the national bank
D Elimination of the national bank
600
The XYZ Affair is an example of how the Adams administration was working on —
A avoiding war with the France
B negotiating boundaries with France
C expelling France’s diplomats from the United States
D cooperating with France’s leaders during their revolution
A avoiding war with the France
600
Use the quotes and your knowledge of social studies to answer the following question.
Speaker 1: If men were angels, no government would be necessary. If angels were to govern men, neither external nor internal controls on government would be necessary.
Speaker 2: This form of government contains principles that will lead to the subversion of liberty -- if it tends to establish a despotism, or what is worse, a tyrannic aristocracy.
Speaker 3: The representation consists of so few; too few to resist the influence of corruption, and the temptation to treachery, against which all governments ought to take precautions
Speaker 4: The standard of good behavior for the continuance in office of the judicial magistracy is certainly one of the most valuable of the modern improvements in the practice of government.
Which pair of speakers above is expressing the viewpoint of an Anti-Federalist?
A Speaker 3 and Speaker 4
B Speaker 1 and Speaker 2
C Speaker 2 and Speaker 3
D Speaker 1 and Speaker 4
C Speaker 2 and Speaker 3
600
Use the excerpt below to answer the question.
We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness. —The Declaration of Independence
Which statement best summarizes the passage?
A Governments create people’s rights.
B Rights existed before governments were created.
C People must give up rights under certain circumstances.
D Rights are limited to life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness.
B Rights existed before governments were created.
600
What was the primary cause of economic differences among the colonies in North America?
A Religion
B Nationality
C Geography
D Tradition
C Geography